고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

EBS 2022 수능특강 라이트(Light)

영어 독해연습 Mini Test 2 - Part 2

The Makings의 EBS 수능특강 라이트(Light) 영어 독해연습 변형문제 (2022년 개정) 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글에 알맞지 않은 문장 고르기(객관식)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열하기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

EBS 수능특강 라이트(Light) 영어 독해연습 (2022년 개정) 변형문제 Mini Test 2 - Part 2 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Many animal or plant species have proved to be very useful for medical purposes. Through millions of years of evolution, they have evolved many special chemicals to meet their special needs in their respective niches, which can be exploited by man. The saliva of the vampire bat of Central and South America contains a substance to prevent heart attacks. The Malayan pit viper contains a substance called ristrin, which has similar properties. Caribbean sponges can be used to tackle rejection of organ transplants. Rauvolfia serpentina, the serpent wood plant, has been traditionally used in India to treat snake bite, nervous disorders, cholera and fever. Reserpine, an extract from the plant, has become the principal source of materials for tranquilizers. Domesticated animals have given us hormones and enzymes, while fungi and microbes provide life-saving drugs such as antibiotics.

2번 지문

The development of food habits clearly indicates that for humans, food is more than just nutrients. Bread is an excellent example. White bread was traditionally eaten by the upper classes, dark bread by the poor, but whole wheat bread is consumed today by people concerned more with health than status. A person with money has "a lot of bread." In many cultures, bread is shared by couples as part of the wedding ceremony or left for the soul of the dead. Superstitions about bread also demonstrate its importance beyond sustenance. Greek soldiers took a piece from home to ensure their safe, victorious return; English midwives placed a loaf at the foot of the mother's bed to prevent the woman and her baby from being stolen by evil spirits; and sailors traditionally brought a bun to sea to prevent shipwreck. It is the symbolic use of food that is valued most by people, not its nutritional composition.

3번 지문

In a classic piece of psychology research, a primary school teacher and a professor teamed up to study how far expectations drive outcomes. To do so, they administered IQ tests to California pupils in grades one through six. Teachers were told that certain pupils - around 20 percent - showed great promise and could be expected to make exceptional progress. At the end of the year, that forecast proved true: the IQ of the nominated pupils showed superior improvement. But, like all great social psychology experiments, this one had a catch. The "high-potential students" had been chosen at random. What came to be known as the Pygmalion effect argued that it is expectations, more than innate ability, that influence outcomes. Never mind who's gifted, who's talented. Expect great things and you are more likely to get them. The talent, energy, insight, and opportunity of any organization lie with its people. They are where all ideas come from; they are its best early-warning system.

4번 지문

Because ways of thinking and communicating in any society are learned when we are very young, they seem natural and normal, like our use of the bathroom. As adults care for, speak to, and play with their babies, they are at the same time gradually turning a biological being into a social being, who will learn as it grows to share the language he or she absorbs, spoken and unspoken. Babies pick up signals through all their senses, and the emphasis on communicating through different senses is another variable feature from one social group to another. Sounds, for example, which babies may at first seem to use indiscriminately, gradually take on a meaning shared with the surrounding adults, and they soon learn when and where it is appropriate and useful to apply those sounds to maximum effect. They also learn when some other form of communication, such as smiling, laughing, or crying, might transmit better what they have in their highly absorbent minds.

5번 지문

Physiological responses that prepare the body for food occur in response to cues normally related to eating. These cues are such things as the sight or smell of food, other people eating, and the clattering of dishes. This means that hunger also is a response to environmental cues that indicate food is on the way, rather than simply being a response to specific changes occurring within the body. Another control over eating is the incentive value of food. The early phases of eating depend on the taste of food, but as you continue eating the same food, its positive incentive value declines. The first taste of barbecued ribs may be wonderful, but they lose their appeal with each bite. Because of this, you tend to eat more when there is a variety of food available rather than just one type of food. Food variety matters in how much you eat.

6번 지문

Every human contact we experience is unique. It has never happened before and will never again happen in just the same way. Our interpretation of the adage "You can never step into the same river twice" is that the experience changes both you and the river forever. A communication encounter similarly affects and changes people so that one encounter can never occur exactly in the same way a second time. In addition to being unrepeatable, communication is also irreversible. We cannot take back something we have said or tweeted any more than we can erase the effects of something we have done. Just as toothpaste cannot be squeezed back into a tube, the e-mails, texts, and tweets we send are going to be out there forever. Because of this, knowing how to communicate carefully in a wide variety of contexts and with a variety of people becomes very important.

7번 지문

When two objects at different temperatures come into contact, the warmer object cools down, and the colder object warms up. Heat flows from hot bodies to cold ones and continues to flow until the objects reach the same temperature, which will be somewhere between the two initial temperatures. This is thermal equilibrium. For example, a marble at 65'F (18.3'C) and a small steel ball at 75'F (23.9'C) placed together might both end up at a temperature of 68'F (20'C), which is the thermal equilibrium temperature. The heat transfers in this case by conduction - the contact allows the atomic and molecular motion of one solid object to influence the other. A further change may take place, as the marble and steel gradually adopt the temperature of the surroundings (for instance, the room that holds the objects). After that, there is no change, unless the room temperature changes.

8번 지문

Traditional forms of media, such as television, radio, and print, provide an excellent means of reaching vast amounts of people quickly, but their downside is that these touches are both brief and scarce. This works if the objective is to create awareness, but it falls short of creating loyalty for an organization or a cause. Loyalty, unlike awareness, takes time to develop. It finds its roots in the trust, familiarity and respect that stem from frequent interactions with an organization, and the repetitive validation of a value alignment without which these interactions are meaningless. Through the use of social media, organizations can breed loyalty in their members by interacting regularly with them, befriending them, and empowering them to make a difference. The magic stems from the fact that social media can help humanize communications to such a degree that genuine friendships can begin to form between an organization's staff and the members they interact with online, even if they have never met in the real world. The depth of these interactions, combined with their potential frequency, can accelerate this process to such an extent that a new member can begin to feel loyal to an organization in a matter of days rather than in a matter of months.

9번 지문

Have you ever wondered why companies offer a free sample of products, test drives, or trial subscriptions for 1 month, or 14-day free trial? Many brands use money-back guarantee and free day trial strategy to pull the customer into the product. They know that these strategies make consumers overvalue and pay more for what they're selling. When they put the expiry date on the availability of freebies, it also triggers loss aversion and creates a sense of urgency for added potency. In the same way, lots of audiobook and podcast apps offer free trial. Once we get to hang on to it, we feel the desire to purchase the subscription. Many e-commerce companies also use this strategy to let customers order multiple dresses or any products with a promise that they can return the items that they don't like for free of cost.

10 번 지문

Many people who understand human social evolution as a story of continual progress fail to appreciate the role that environmental degradation has played. Commonly, people believe that the change from food foraging to agriculture happened because people traded an insecure way of life for one that was more secure and satisfying. Little evidence exists to support this view. Rather, climate changes that "shrank" livable environments, human population growth, the exhaustion of edible plant and large animal populations, and the discoveries and innovations that made dependence on agriculture possible all combined to cause this transformation. Furthermore, fossil records and archaeological evidence confirm that hunter-gatherers did not abandon their lifestyle until forced to do so by the problems, and did so at different times and in widely scattered areas around the world. A similar combination of environmental problems, scarcities, and technological possibilities caused the decline of ancient empires (like the Mayans, Mesopotamians, and Romans) and stimulated the emergence of industrial societies. The growth of innovations and technologies produced more complex human systems having ever-larger productive capacities to support human populations. Elites may have benefited from an enhanced ability to extend their control and powers of taxation across larger systems. Non-elites, however, often did not change their lifestyles from positive attractions but rather to survive when they had no other choices. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, established farmers often did not willingly move to cities seeking urban employment, but the story of rural to urban migration is also one of progressive rural poverty, bankruptcy, and foreclosed farm mortgages.

11번 지문

A group of frogs were hopping contentedly through the woods, going about their froggy business, when two of them fell into a deep pit. All of the other frogs gathered around the pit to see what could be done to help their companions. When they saw how deep the pit was, the rest of the dismayed group agreed that it was hopeless and told the two frogs in the pit that they should prepare themselves for their fate, because they were as good as dead. Unwilling to accept this terrible fate, the two frogs began to jump with all of their might. Some of the frogs shouted into the pit that it was hopeless, and that the two frogs wouldn't be in that situation if they had been more careful, more obedient to the froggy rules, and more responsible. The other frogs continued sorrowfully shouting that they should save their energy and give up, since they were already as good as dead. The two frogs continued jumping as hard as they could, and after several hours of desperate effort they were quite weary. Finally, one of the frogs paid attention to the calls of his fellows. Spent and disheartened, he quietly resolved himself to his fate, lay down at the bottom of the pit, and died as the others looked on in helpless grief. The other frog continued to jump with every ounce of energy he had, although his body was wracked with pain. His companions began anew yelling for him to accept his fate, stop the pain and just die. The weary frog jumped harder and harder and - wonder of wonders! Finally leapt so high that he sprang from the pit. Amazed, the other frogs celebrated his miraculous freedom and then gathering around him asked, "Why did you continue jumping when we told you it was impossible?" Reading their lips, the astonished frog explained to them that he was deaf, and that when he saw their gestures and shouting, he thought they were cheering him on. What he had perceived as encouragement inspired him to try hard and to succeed against all odds.

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영)

6과 변형 문제

Reach Beyond Ourselves

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제는

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서

제작한 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/57/?idx=1048

The Makings의 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 최종 모의고사는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 글의 내용에 어울리지 않는 문장 고르기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Today we honour the Indigenous peoples of Australia, the oldest continuing cultures in human history. We reflect on how badly we, the Australian Government, treated them in the past. We reflect in particular on the mistreatment of those who were Stolen Generations - the darkest chapter in our nation's history. The time has now come for the nation to turn a new page in Australia's history by righting the wrongs of the past and so moving forward with confidence to the future. We apologise for the laws and policies of former parliaments and governments that caused deep pain and suffering on the Indigenous peoples. We apologise especially for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, their communities, and their country. For the pain, suffering, and hurt of these Stolen Generations, their descendants, and their families left behind, we say sorry. To the mothers and the fathers, the brothers and the sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities, we say sorry. And for the suffering inflicted on the Aboriginal peoples and culture, we say sorry. We the Parliament of Australia respectfully request that this apology be received in the spirit in which it is offered - as part of the healing of the nation. Today, we take this first step toward the future by acknowledging the past and laying claim to a future that embraces all Australians.

2번 지문

Some have asked, "Why apologise?" Let me begin to answer by telling the parliament just a little of one person's story. Nanna Nungala Fejo was born in the late 1920s. She remembers her earliest childhood days living with her family and her community in a bush camp. She remembers the love, warmth, and happiness of those days long ago, including traditional dancing around the campfire at night. In 1932, when she was four, she remembers the coming of the welfare men. Her family had feared that day and had dug holes in the river bank where the children could run and hide. What her family had not expected was that the white welfare men did not come alone. They brought a truck, two white men, and an Aboriginal stockman on horseback with a whip. The kids were found; they ran, screaming for their mothers, but they could not get away. They were piled onto the back of the truck. Tears flowing, her mum tried clinging to the sides of the truck as her children were taken away in the name of protection. Nanna Fejo's is just one story. There are thousands, tens of thousands, of them. These are stories of forced separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their mums and dads over the better part of a century. Some of these stories are told in the report, Bringing them home. They are terrible stories. The pain is torturous; it screams from the pages. The brutal act of physically separating a mother from her children is a deep assault on our basic humanity.

3번 지문

These stories cry out to be heard; they cry out for an apology. Instead, from the nation's parliament there has been a stubborn and complete silence for much too long. There has been a view that we, the parliament, should suspend our most basic instincts of what is right and what is wrong; a view that, instead, Parliament should look for any excuse to push this great wrong to one side and to leave it with the historians and the academics, as if the Stolen Generations are little more than an interesting sociological phenomenon. But the Stolen Generations are not intellectual curiosities. They are human beings; human beings who have been damaged deeply by the decisions of parliaments and governments. But, as of today, the time for denial and delay has come to an end. The nation is demanding that its political leadership take us forward. Decency, human decency, universal human decency, demands that the nation now step forward to right a historical wrong. That is what we are doing in this place today. Let us turn this page together, Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, government and opposition, Commonwealth and state, and write this new chapter in our nation's story together. Let us grasp this opportunity to craft new future for this great land, Australia.

2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철)

10과 변형 문제

What Matters Most In Life

더메이킹스(The Makings)의 2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철) 10과 변형 문제는

총 10개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다. (40문제)

1. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 중요 문장 영작(서술형)

4. 글 끼워 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어색한 어휘 찾아내기(서술형)

7. 알맞은 어휘 넣기(서술형)

8. 요약문 완성(서술형)

9. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철) 10과의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Characters: King, Hermit, Bearded Man, Doctor, Bodyguard

A certain king wanted to know the answers to three key questions: First, what is the most important thing to accomplish in life? Second, when should he accomplish the most important thing? And third, who are the right people to help him accomplish that task? He thought that if he knew the answers to these questions, he would never fail in anything. So he declared throughout his kingdom that he would give a large reward to anyone who could answer the three questions. However, no one in the country was able to give him satisfying answers. The king then decided to consult a wise hermit. The hermit only received common people, so the king visited him wearing simple clothes.

Act 1, Scene 1

The king meets the hermit, who is digging the ground in front of his hut. Glancing at the king, the hermit greets him and goes on digging.

King: (Approaching) I have come to you, wise hermit, to ask you to answer three questions: What is the most important thing that deserves my attention? When is the right time to do that important thing? And who are the people I need most to help me accomplish it? (Without saying a word, the hermit continues digging as if he had heard nothing.)

King: You look tired. (Reaching for the hermit) Let me take the spade and work awhile for you.

Hermit: Thanks! (Giving the spade to the king, he sits down on the ground.)

2번 지문

Act 1, Scene 2

Hermit: (Watching the king digging the ground) To be honest, I know who you are. I think you possess everything you want. Are you still not satisfied?

King: Of course not!

Hermit: (Losing himself in thought for a while and rising from his seat) Now rest awhile and let me work a bit. I have to get this job done. (Not giving him the spade, the king continues to dig. The sun begins to set behind the trees.)

King: I came to you, wise man, for answers to my questions. If you can give me none, tell me so, and I will return home.

Act 2, Scene 1

A sound is heard in the woods. A bearded man appears.

Hermit: Here comes someone walking. Let us see who it is.

Bearded man: (Walking unsteadily, in an urgent voice) Help me, please. Have mercy on me. (Falling down on the ground unconsciously)

King: (Finding a large wound on the man’s stomach) What happened to you? Come on! Are you okay? (Putting his hand on the unconscious man’s neck to see if he is alive) Judging from your wound, I need to do something to stop the bleeding! Doctor! Doctor! (Carrying the wounded man into the hut)

Act 2, Scene 2

In the hut, a doctor is caring for the bearded man who fell down on the ground unconscious.

King: Is he going to make it?

Doctor: I am not sure, Your Majesty.

King: I wonder who this man is. Anyway, there’s no time for that now. You must do your best to save his life.

Doctor: Yes, Your Majesty. I will do my best.

3번 지문

Act 3, Scene 1

The hermit wakes up early the next morning and leaves for work. After the hermit is gone, the king’s bodyguards rush to the king.

Bodyguard: (Rushing to the king, in an urgent voice) Your Majesty, I’m afraid this place is dangerous for you.

King: Why?

Bodyguard: Last night, we found a strange man carrying a weapon. I think we had better leave this place as soon as possible.

King: Okay. I’ll return to my palace after I meet the hermit.

Act 3, Scene 2

The king sees the bearded man awake.

Bearded man: (In a weak voice) Forgive me!

King: Are you okay now?

Bearded man: Forgive me!

King: What do you mean? I have nothing to forgive you for.

Bearded man: Yes, Your Majesty. You do not know me, but I know you. Seeing that you took away my property and put my brother to death, I was an enemy of yours who sought to get back at you. Knowing you had gone alone to see the hermit, I planned to kill you on your way back. But on my way here, I came upon your soldiers, who wounded me. I would not have survived if you had not saved my life. If you allow it, I will serve you as your most faithful servant. Forgive me, Your Majesty!

King: I forgive you! And I also accept you as one of my men.

4번 지문

Act 4, Scene 1

The hermit is outside, planting seeds in the ground that had been dug the day before.

King: (Approaching the hermit) For the last time, I beg you to answer my questions, wise man.

Hermit: Your questions were answered only when the wounded man appeared.

King: What do you mean?

Hermit: If you had not dug these beds for me, that man would have attacked you. You might have been killed. So the most important time was when you were digging the beds, and I was the most important man, and helping me was your most important task. Afterwards, when that man ran to us, the most important time was when you were attending to him. If you had not had the doctor save his life, the bearded man would have died without having made peace with you. So he was the most important man, and what you did for him was the most important thing for you to do.

King: You’re right. You’re right. I didn’t know anything about that at that time.

Hermit: Yes, none of us knows what the future has in store for us.

King: You speak words of wisdom, old man.

Hermit: Remember that there is only one time that is important: that time is now. Seeing that the present is the only time you are granted that you have control over, it is the most important time. The most important person is the one you are with, for you will never know whether you will ever have dealings with anyone else.

King: (Looking into the eyes of the hermit) Oh, I should have been wiser to realize this. I am grateful for the answers you have given to me. I have now found all three answers!

Act 4, Scene 2

King: (Excited) Bodyguard, bodyguard!

Bodyguard: (Running out of the woods) Yes, Your Majesty.

King: Thanks to this man, I have all the answers to the three questions. Call my men from the palace and have them grant him anything that he wishes for.

Bodyguard: (Lowering his head) Yes, Your Majesty.

With his questions fully answered, the king makes up his mind to live by the hermit’s great teachings.

2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철)

9과 변형 문제

Maps Used to the Max

더메이킹스(The Makings)의 2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철) 9과 변형 문제는

총 10개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다. (40문제)

1. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 중요 문장 영작(서술형)

4. 글 끼워 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어색한 어휘 찾아내기(서술형)

7. 알맞은 어휘 넣기(서술형)

8. 요약문 완성(서술형)

9. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

10. 글 순서 맞추기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2015년 개정 영어 금성(최인철) 9과의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Hannah is a college student who likes to hang out with her friends. She woke up late this morning, so she took a cab to get to class on time. The cab driver used a GPS navigation system to find the shortest route to her school. For lunch, Hannah took her friends to one of the places she found through an online map of good restaurants. After her afternoon classes, she learned how she could get to the city library through an online map service. On her way to the library, a group of foreign tourists asked for directions to a famous park. Hannah used the subway map to give them directions. When she got home in the evening, she turned on her computer and examined several tourist information maps on the Internet for a family trip.

There is no denying the fact that maps are more than just pieces of paper with geographical information on them. They are a big part of people’s daily lives. They are used for simple tasks like finding a good restaurant in the neighborhood, as well as for business, security, and medical and academic purposes. Ever since the development of maps, people have been using them to exchange information, describe imaginary worlds, control their land, distribute their ideas, and pass their thoughts on to future generations. Let’s take a look at the history of maps to see how they have been developed and used.

2번 지문

The earliest surviving map of the world is preserved on a clay tablet made in ancient Babylonia in about 6th century B.C. It represents the earth as a flat circle with oceans and mythical islands around it. The European maps made during the Middle Ages were heavily influenced by religious views. For example, a map of the world created in the 6th century shows that the world is flat, and the heavens are shaped like a box with a curved lid. All of these early maps were, of course, drawn and illustrated by hand.

The invention of printing made maps much more widely available in the 15th century. Map-making skills advanced during the Age of Exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries. Coast lines, islands, rivers, and harbors were described on maps. Compass lines and other navigation aids were included, and new map projections were devised. People at the time had the belief that such maps had great value for military and economic purposes and often treated them as national or commercial secrets. Whole-world maps that resemble those of today began to appear in the early 16th century, following voyages by Columbus and others to the New World.

3번 지문

Maps became increasingly accurate and factual during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries with the application of scientific methods. First introduced in 1500, the bird’s-eye view, or a view from a great height, became widely used in the 17th and 18th centuries. Shading and contour lines were used to show geographical features in more detail. The widespread use of air photos following World War I brought about a great leap in map-making skills. This technology revealed even the most remote places to the rest of the world. Modern map-making skills are based on a combination of ground observation and remote sensing.

The advancement of science and increased exchanges among people and countries have led to the development of more advanced technologies for making maps. No other technology has been as revolutionary as the geographic information system (GIS), which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. This system, which is composed of computer hardware, software, and digital information, makes it possible for people to create searches, analyze spatial information, and edit map information on their own. It is used nowadays for maps, navigation systems, transportation information, analysis of business zones, and other purposes.

Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram

The map-making business in Korea began in full scale in the 15th century. While many books from that era contained detailed maps, no other geography book was as comprehensive as Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram. Published in 1530, the 55-volume book contains very detailed maps of the country such as Paldochongdo. There is no denying the fact that Ulleungdo and Dokdo are described as a part of Korea’s territory.

4번 지문

People have long been developing maps to graphically describe the place where we live. Scientists have been using the old ideas of maps for more creative functions to revolutionize the way we live. These days, people rely heavily on maps for business activities, national defense, the exploration of the human body, academic research, and the prediction of geographical changes. It won’t be long before many companies have their products delivered to customers with the help of drones and robots equipped with GPS navigation systems. In the future, more advanced technology will be used for making maps. There is a great possibility that future maps will contain information about everything in physical space, including indoor areas. So you may get directions not only to a shopping center, but also to the inside of the stores. What is more, you might even be able to walk into an augmented reality map to go shopping. You’ll be surprised to see what future maps will look like!

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 4

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4 을 선보입니다.

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The Makings의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak. For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked the ability to assess what their people were producing and to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking way to illustrate European weakness is to show how little revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract much more of economic production than any European ruler with the exception of small city-states.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

If you drive down a busy street, you will find many competing businesses, often right next to one another. For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time. These competing firms advertise heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the price of a product without any benefit to the consumer. However, this misconception doesn't account for why firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to inform their customers about new products and services. Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to help make purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all get a product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect good ─ and no other market structure delivers that outcome.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

Architects might say a machine can never design an innovative or impressive building because a computer cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one instinctively think that only a human being ─ and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that ─ could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using a technique known as "parametric design." The architects gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar software has been used to design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these systems behaving "creatively"? No, they are using lots of processing power to blindly generate varied possible designs, working in a very different way from a human being.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something too quickly, without thinking.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Much research has been carried out on the causes of engagement, an issue that is important from both a theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major camps: situational and personal. The most influential situational causes are job resources, feedback and leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving their employees honest and constructive feedback on their performance, and by providing them with the necessary resources that enable them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy that although engagement drives job performance, job performance also drives engagement. In other words, when employees are able to do their jobs well ─ to the point that they match or exceed their own expectations and ambitions ─ they will engage more, be proud of their achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is especially evident when people are employed in jobs that align with their values.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks against the United States. In the study, they found that individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more likely to still be giving support one year later than those whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress. This effect likely stems from differences in emotional arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally affected people throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional distress. However, those who gave to reduce others' distress did not stop empathizing with victims who continued to struggle long after the attacks.

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 3

The Makings의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint. Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up during the Second World War are often scornful of the terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer of the food has a view when making or growing something that by the time the product reaches the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense not to buy large packs of perishable goods but non-perishable items may become cost-effective.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which gradually degrades it over time. Based in large part on genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects. One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us "independently" choose an option which suits their purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels; which has created even stronger brand loyalty.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a highly complex web of relationships connects fictional characters that exist first only in the minds of the program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were to think about how much human psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about the plot, you would discover it is considerable ─ at least as much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease. How are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar framework. The characters in a soap opera and the relationships between them are very much like the real people and relationships we experience every day. The abstraction of a soap opera is only a step removed from the real world. The mental "training" required to follow a soap opera is provided by our everyday lives.

5번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

As always happens with natural selection, bats and their prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back. The B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have fuselages made of materials that do something similar with radar beams.

6번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

Much of human thought is designed to screen out information and to sort the rest into a manageable condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount of information available in culture and society. Out of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and to organize that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our attention on clear contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are marked by a steady elimination of information. People notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored into memory. And only part of what gets committed to memory can be retrieved.

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 4

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든  

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4 을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

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https://themakings.co.kr/115

The Makings의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the tissues that pick up a particular sensation. If, for example, you step on a sharp object such as a pin, nerve endings in the skin will transmit the pain sensation up your leg, up and along the spinal cord to the brain. While the pain itself is unpleasant, it is in fact acting as a protective mechanism for the foot. Within the brain, nerves will connect to the area that controls speech, so that you may well shout 'ouch' or something rather less polite. They will also connect to motor nerves that travel back down the spinal cord, and to the muscles in your leg that now contract quickly to lift your foot away from the painful object. Sensory and motor nerves control almost all functions in the body ─ from the beating of the heart to the movement of the gut, sweating and just about everything else.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Maybe you've heard this joke: "How do you eat an elephant?" The answer is "one bite at a time." So, how do you "build" the Earth? That's simple, too: one atom at a time. Atoms are the basic building blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made up of crystals, the more you know about atoms, the better. Crystals come in a variety of shapes that scientists call habits. Common crystal habits include squares, triangles, and six-sided hexagons. Usually crystals form when liquids cool, such as when you create ice cubes. Many times, crystals form in ways that do not allow for perfect shapes. If conditions are too cold, too hot, or there isn't enough source material, they can form strange, twisted shapes. But when conditions are right, we see beautiful displays. Usually, this involves a slow, steady environment where the individual atoms have plenty of time to join and fit perfectly into what's known as the crystal lattice. This is the basic structure of atoms that is seen time after time.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and forth hundreds of times every second. Naturally, this movement is so fast that you cannot see it ─ you just see the blurred outline of the moving string. Strings vibrating in this way on their own make hardly any noise because strings are very thin and don't push much air about. But if you attach a string to a big hollow box (like a guitar body), then the vibration is amplified and the note is heard loud and clear. The vibration of the string is passed on to the wooden panels of the guitar body, which vibrate back and forth at the same rate as the string. The vibration of the wood creates more powerful waves in the air pressure, which travel away from the guitar. When the waves reach your eardrums they flex in and out the same number of times a second as the original string.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Boundaries between work and home are blurring as portable digital technology makes it increasingly possible to work anywhere, anytime. Individuals differ in how they like to manage their time to meet work and outside responsibilities. Some people prefer to separate or segment roles so that boundary crossings are minimized. For example, these people might keep separate email accounts for work and family and try to conduct work at the workplace and take care of family matters only during breaks and non-work time. We've even noticed more of these "segmenters" carrying two phones ─ one for work and one for personal use. Flexible schedules work well for these individuals because they enable greater distinction between time at work and time in other roles. Other individuals prefer integrating work and family roles all day long. This might entail constantly trading text messages with children from the office, or monitoring emails at home and on vacation, rather than returning to work to find hundreds of messages in their inbox.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

A "complementary good" is a product that is often consumed alongside another product. For example, popcorn is a complementary good to a movie, while a travel pillow is a complementary good for a long plane journey. When the popularity of one product increases, the sales of its complementary good also increase. By producing goods that complement other products that are already (or about to be) popular, you can ensure a steady stream of demand for your product. Some products enjoy perfect complementary status ─ they have to be consumed together, such as a lamp and a lightbulb. However, do not assume that a product is perfectly complementary, as customers may not be completely locked in to the product. For example, although motorists may seem required to purchase gasoline to run their cars, they can switch to electric cars.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

It's not news to anyone that we judge others based on their clothes. In general, studies that investigate these judgments find that people prefer clothing that matches expectations ─ surgeons in scrubs, little boys in blue ─ with one notable exception. A series of studies published in an article in June 2014 in the Journal of Consumer Research explored observers' reactions to people who broke established norms only slightly. In one scenario, a man at a black-tie affair was viewed as having higher status and competence when wearing a red bow tie. The researchers also found that valuing uniqueness increased audience members' ratings of the status and competence of a professor who wore red sneakers while giving a lecture. The results suggest that people judge these slight deviations from the norm as positive because they suggest that the individual is powerful enough to risk the social costs of such behaviors.

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 3

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한 최상의

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3 을 선보입니다. 

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/115

The Makings의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

There is a reason the title "Monday Morning Quarterback" exists. Just read the comments on social media from fans discussing the weekend's games, and you quickly see how many people believe they could play, coach, and manage sport teams more successfully than those on the field. This goes for the boardroom as well. Students and professionals with years of training and specialized degrees in sport business may also find themselves being given advice on how to do their jobs from friends, family, or even total strangers without any expertise. Executives in sport management have decades of knowledge and experience in their respective fields. However, many of them face criticism from fans and community members telling them how to run their business. Very few people tell their doctor how to perform surgery or their accountant how to prepare their taxes, but many people provide feedback on how sport organizations should be managed.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

While moving is difficult for everyone, it is particularly stressful for children. They lose their sense of security and may feel disoriented when their routine is disrupted and all that is familiar is taken away. Young children, ages 3-6, are particularly affected by a move. Their understanding at this stage is quite literal, and it is difficult for them to imagine beforehand a new home and their new room. Young children may have worries such as "Will I still be me in the new place?" and "Will my toys and bed come with us?" It is important to establish a balance between validating children's past experiences and focusing on helping them adjust to the new place. Children need to have opportunities to share their backgrounds in a way that respects their past as an important part of who they are. This contributes to building a sense of community, which is essential for all children, especially those in transition.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Many people are terrified to fly in airplanes. Often, this fear stems from a lack of control. The pilot is in control, not the passengers, and this lack of control instills fear. Many potential passengers are so afraid they choose to drive great distances to get to a destination instead of flying. But their decision to drive is based solely on emotion, not logic. Logic says that statistically, the odds of dying in a car crash are around 1 in 5,000, while the odds of dying in a plane crash are closer to 1 in 11 million. If you're going to take a risk, especially one that could possibly involve your well-being, wouldn't you want the odds in your favor? However, most people choose the option that will cause them the least amount of anxiety. Pay attention to the thoughts you have about taking the risk and make sure you're basing your decision on facts, not just feelings.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

The famous primatologist Frans de Waal, of Emory University, says humans downplay similarities between us and other animals as a way of maintaining our spot at the top of our imaginary ladder. Scientists, de Waal points out, can be some of the worst offenders ─ employing technical language to distance the other animals from us. They call "kissing" in chimps "mouth-to-mouth contact"; they call "friends" between primates "favorite affiliation partners"; they interpret evidence showing that crows and chimps can make tools as being somehow qualitatively different from the kind of toolmaking said to define humanity. If an animal can beat us at a cognitive task ─ like how certain bird species can remember the precise locations of thousands of seeds ─ they write it off as instinct, not intelligence. This and so many more tricks of language are what de Waal has termed "linguistic castration." The way we use our tongues to disempower animals, the way we invent words to maintain our spot at the top.

5번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

A key to engagement and achievement is providing students with relevant texts they will be interested in. My scholarly work and my teaching have been deeply influenced by the work of Rosalie Fink. She interviewed twelve adults who were highly successful in their work, including a physicist, a biochemist, and a company CEO. All of them had dyslexia and had had significant problems with reading throughout their school years. While she expected to find that they had avoided reading and discovered ways to bypass it or compensate with other strategies for learning, she found the opposite. "To my surprise, I found that these dyslexics were enthusiastic readers... they rarely avoided reading. On the contrary, they sought out books." The pattern Fink discovered was that all of her subjects had been passionate in some personal interest. The areas of interest included religion, math, business, science, history, and biography. What mattered was that they read voraciously to find out more.

6번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

For many people, ability refers to intellectual competence, so they want everything they do to reflect how smart they are ─ writing a brilliant legal brief, getting the highest grade on a test, writing elegant computer code, saying something exceptionally wise or witty in a conversation. You could also define ability in terms of a particular skill or talent, such as how well one plays the piano, learns a language, or serves a tennis ball. Some people focus on their ability to be attractive, entertaining, up on the latest trends, or to have the newest gadgets. However ability may be defined, a problem occurs when it is the sole determinant of one’s self-worth. The performance becomes the only measure of the person; nothing else is taken into account. An outstanding performance means an outstanding person; an average performance means an average person. Period.