고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 4

 

 

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한 최상의

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/227/?idx=1203

The Makings의 2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Consider units of measure, one kind of descriptive device we are familiar with using in physics. Spatial distances can be given in terms of feet or meters or some other unit, and the physics will be the same regardless. We conclude from this that physics does not prefer one unit of length over any other, and we may choose any one we like for reasons of convenience. We further conclude that any feature depending on that choice, such as the particular numerical value assigned to the spatial separation between two locations, is not out there in the world apart from a choice of unit. Temperatures can likewise be given in terms of the Fahrenheit or Celsius or Kelvin scale, and nothing in the physics changes when we switch from one scale to another. We conclude that the choice of scale is an arbitrary choice in description, and that any feature that depends on that choice is scale-dependent.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Even though sea creatures live in it, they still need to take in water for their bodies to function properly. They just need to get rid of any extra salt it might bring with it. Salt absorbs water like a sponge. If you put a tiny mountain of salt on a small plate, then add enough water to the side, making sure an edge touches the salt, the salt will absorb the water. Now you have a pile of wet salt. Notice that it has increased in size. The same principle applies to sea creatures. If the body fluids in a sea animal are saltier than the seawater it lives in, then the extra salt in the creature's body will absorb seawater. This can cause them to swell up. On the other hand, if the amount of salt in the seawater is higher than the amount of salt in the body fluids of a sea animal, the extra salt in the water will draw fluids out of the creature's body, causing it to dehydrate and shrink.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

Distinguishing moths from butterflies on outward appearance is not always easy, but there are a few rules of thumb that can help. In most butterflies the antennae end with a small club-shaped swelling, whereas in moths they are usually feathery or narrow to a fine tip. Butterflies tend to rest with their wings held shut above their body, whereas moths more usually rest with the upper sides of the wings on full view. Further distinctions can be made by looking for a tiny hook that joins fore- and hindwings, a feature only present in moths. The stereotypical differences, with moths cast as the gloomy, nocturnal cousins of colourful sun-loving butterflies are simply wrong. There are many brightly coloured moths and many which are active throughout the day. Equally, there are a few nocturnal butterflies and plenty that come clothed in shades of brown and grey. It's more sensible to think of them together; both butterflies and moths are beautiful and fascinating insects.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

There are numerous ways wildlife is managed, but they all imply stewardship and can be classified into two broad categories: active management and inactive management. Active management does something to the population ― such as increasing or decreasing its size ― in a direct manner through strategies like translocations or hunting, respectively. Populations can also be actively managed by altering the habitat to the benefit or disadvantage of a population. If population numbers are too low for the goal of management agencies, other active management can be incorporated, such as predator control to minimize neonatal deaths or habitat improvement to provide required cover for neonates from predators. These efforts represent active approaches to management. Other populations may not be actively managed, like those in national parks. In such situations, management activities minimize external influences on populations and habitat, which often involves management of humans and not animals.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Waste has historically been seen as a necessary driver of the economy. Sales are tied to the amount of a product supplied, which is directly dependent on the demand for that product. Therefore, if you design the product to eventually be wasted, you can ensure that the demand for more products will be sustained. Many strategies have been incorporated into product design and use to ensure that waste is inevitable, such as planned obsolescence, limited access to tools for repairs, and use of cheap materials. All these strategies ensure that the consumer will have limited access to the product in use and will eventually require a replacement. Those who supported the idea that waste is necessary to drive demand failed to realize that prioritizing the elimination of waste via repair and remanufacturing creates a different kind of demand: products as a service. Through this setup, companies simply lease out products that were once sold directly to the customer. With this transition of ownership, companies maintain profit by offering maintenance and repair services and are encouraged to develop long-lasting products.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Viewing time as a purchasable and consistent product cemented artificial views on time into our psyche, but every now and again we are forced to acknowledge this mistake. On twenty-six occasions in the last fifty years, a second has been added to everyone's day to adjust for the Earth wobbling and the rate of its spin changing. For instance, when El Nino, a climatic system in the Pacific, causes wind speed to change dramatically, it can slow the rotation of the Earth slightly. Indeed, the Earth's spin is generally slowing because the moon's gravity is acting as a drag, so days are getting longer by about 1.7 milliseconds per century. Such events disturb the similarity between man-made time and more flexible time based on the Earth's naturally occurring rotation. When events like this happen, a bunch of humans make the decision to add a small slice of time to your day, without your knowledge. We try to force our fixed, man-made view of time on to nature in the false hope that it will yield. It doesn't.

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 3

 

 

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한 최상의

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/227/?idx=1201

The Makings의 2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

When a cell divides, the genomes of its two daughters are often not quite identical to each other or to that of the parent cell. On rare occasions, the error may represent a change for the better; more probably, it will cause no significant difference in the cell's prospects. But in some cases, the error will cause serious damage; for example, by disrupting the coding sequence for a key protein. Changes due to mistakes of the first type will tend to be perpetuated, because the altered cell has an increased likelihood of reproducing itself. Changes due to mistakes of the second type ― neutral changes ― may be perpetuated or not: it is a matter of chance whether the altered cell or its cousins will succeed. But changes that cause serious damage lead nowhere: the cell that suffers them dies, leaving no progeny. Through endless repetition of this cycle of mutation and natural selection organisms evolve: their genetic specifications change, sometimes giving organisms new ways to exploit the environment more effectively, to survive in competition with others, and to reproduce successfully.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

Within liberal culture, the value of fair equality of opportunity for individuals outweighs the preservation of the family's integrity. In contrast, for Confucian culture, while seeking fair equality of opportunity for individuals is important, the family assumes a fundamental role in human flourishing, and living within a family institution is considered the essential way of life. Individuals are primarily understood as family members before they are regarded as state citizens. Therefore, for Confucians, the family possesses inherent value that should never be abandoned, even if it results in certain societal inequalities. Some cultures, like the liberal one, may choose to impose increasing restrictions on the role of families and implement more egalitarian government programs for education, healthcare, and other positive rights in society in the pursuit of fair equality of opportunity. On the other hand, other cultures, like the Confucian one, may prefer to primarily assign welfare responsibilities to the family, accepting inequalities stemming from the existence of the family as long as everyone's basic freedoms and rights are safeguarded in the state.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Statistics in the twentieth century became the systematic collection of quantitative information needed by the state. This process occurred in all the industrialised countries as a key part of their becoming modern states. Desrosieres writes: "It is difficult to think simultaneously that the objects being measured really do exist and that this is only a convention". Yet this is the case. Phenomena such as prices being charged and products being sold exist, but the categories and classification frameworks supporting the collection, aggregation, and organisation of official statistics are devised to serve the purposes of the state, for macroeconomic or for social policies. Theodore Porter described the use of statistics to create state authority: "Quantification is a way of making decisions without seeming to decide", characterising it as a "social technology" intended to build trust in authority.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

Just as an expert in the taste and colour of wine will gain much by being aware of the chemistry that underlies those qualities, so each perspective on the body can potentially enhance the others. And yet every scientific tool, from microscopes to mathematics, and every aspect of the body, from the brain to the microorganism, requires such depth of expertise that this tends not to happen: we tend to study the human body in silos, each community sectioned from the others by its own specialised vocabulary. Research communities may be dedicated to one type of scientific tool or a specific component of the body, such as one type of cell. How different types of cell communicate with one another becomes its own specialist topic. Even simple forms of life on Earth are now rarely studied as a whole, and the human body is evidently much more complex. As long ago as 1890, The Times newspaper commented that knowledge 'had already become too vast to be manageable'. Today, nobody is an expert in the whole of anything.

5번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

Historically, palaces weren't just homes; they were carefully constructed stages designed to impress and intimidate. While stone symbolized permanence and strength, glass offered something equally powerful: visibility. The introduction of large windows in palaces allowed rulers to literally look down upon their subjects, emphasizing their elevated position. Conversely, it also allowed subjects to gaze up at their leaders, creating a sense of awe and distance. Consider the Palace of Versailles: its Hall of Mirrors, lined with reflective surfaces, not only magnified the grandeur of the space but also placed the king at the center of a dazzling display, reinforcing his absolute authority. The use of glass in palaces wasn't merely aesthetic; it was strategic. Open sightlines allowed for better surveillance and control, ensuring the safety and security of the ruling family. Courtiers and visitors were constantly aware of being observed, contributing to an atmosphere of careful obedience and respect. The very architecture dictated social behavior, with glass acting as a silent enforcer of the power dynamic.

6번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

As a political researcher in Germany, Noelle-Neumann Observed that during election campaigns, certain views seemed to get more play than others, and sometimes people muted their opinions rather than talking about them, especially if those opinions were perceived to be unpopular. Noelle-Neumann calls this the spiral of silence. The spiral of silence occurs when individuals who perceive that their opinions are popular express them, whereas those who do not think their opinions are popular remain quiet. This process occurs in a spiral, so that one side of an issue ends up with considerable publicity and the other side with very little. In everyday life, people express their opinions in a variety of ways: they talk about them, they wear buttons, they put bumper stickers on their cars, and they post their views on social media. According to this theory, people are more apt to do these kinds of things when they perceive that others share their opinions.

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 2

 

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한 최상의

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/227/?idx=1199

The Makings의 2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

Experiments testify to science's embrace of ignorance. Arguably the worst thing a scientist can do is to suppose they know what will happen in a given scenario without bothering to check. The rise of the experimental philosophy coincided with the liberation of curiosity as a valuable rather than a questionable attribute. For all that experimental science today is often assumed to be supported by a philosophical framework and an approved methodology ("state your hypothesis and then test it"), the fact is that, as philosopher of science Ian Hacking says, "One can conduct an experiment simply out of curiosity to see what will happen." Indeed, in the view of Charles Darwin's son, the astronomer George Darwin, once in a while one should do a completely crazy experiment, even if it is most likely to prove fruitless. You never know until you try.

2번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

We can discard or replace a scientific theory only if we have a better way of explaining the evidence that supports it. The theories of Newton and Einstein offer great examples. A vast body of evidence supports Newton's theory of gravity, but by the late nineteenth century scientists had begun to discover cases where its predictions did not perfectly match observations. These discrepancies were explained only when Einstein developed his general theory of relativity, which was able to match the observations. Still, the many successes of Newton's theory could not be ignored, and Einstein's theory would not have gained acceptance if it had not been able to explain these successes equally well. It did, and that is why we now view Einstein's theory as a broader theory of gravity than Newton's theory. Some scientists today are seeking a theory of gravity that will go beyond Einstein's. If any new theory ever gains acceptance, it will have to match all the successes of Einstein's theory as well as work in new realms where Einstein's theory does not.

3번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

Imagine pausing in the middle of a busy day, taking a moment to refresh your mind and recharge your energy. This power of a midday break is often underestimated. When you break away from routine, especially with activities designed to stimulate your brain, you prevent cognitive tiredness and enhance productivity for the rest of the day. Neurobic exercises ― simple yet effective ― are perfect for such breaks. They target different areas of your brain, keeping it agile and alert. These exercises create a mental oasis that refreshes and prepares you for the afternoon's challenges. This strategic pause is not just a break; it boosts your cognitive capabilities, ensuring your mind remains sharp and focused. Even briefly experimenting with neurobic exercises can work wonders for your cognitive state during lunch. Start with using your non-dominant hand for routine tasks like writing or eating. This simple switch challenges your brain, activating pathways that aren't typically engaged and promoting greater flexibility in thinking.

4번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Eunice Kathleen Waymon was an American musician and civil rights activist. She displayed musical talent from an early age. At 12, during her first classical recital, her parents' seats, originally near the front, were moved to the back against their will to make seats for white people. After graduating from high school, she prepared for an audition at the Curtis Institute of Music, but her application was rejected, which she attributed to racial discrimination. To fund her private lessons, she began performing in Atlantic City, adopting the stage name "Nina Simone." In the 1960s, she became a supporter of the Civil Rights Movement and composed and performed songs as a response to racism and violence in the Southern United States. Frustrated by the racism in the United States, she left the country in 1970, living in various places before settling in France. She passed away in 2003 but her reputation continues through her powerful music.

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 1

 

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 1

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한 최상의

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 1를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/227/?idx=1197

The Makings의 2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part1은

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2025년 고2 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 1의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

To the Customer Service Team,

About a month ago, my wife and I purchased a set of bookshelves from your store. I was truly excited to find furniture that perfectly matched our new home. When we bought the bookshelves, the manager said it would take four weeks for delivery, which was last weekend. We had set our plans to ensure someone would be available to receive the delivery; however, no one came with the bookshelves that day. This delay has caused us considerable inconvenience. Therefore, please provide a clear and specific delivery date. We expect this issue to be addressed promptly, so that we can reorganize our schedule to receive the delivery without any confusion.

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

I was heading in the direction of a forest road that I knew would take me home. But almost as though someone had switched off all the lights I was suddenly in a black forest with no light of any kind. Feeling lost, I stumbled. I fell. I tore my clothes and injured myself falling down a hill. In desperation I stopped and leaned against a tree. I have no idea where I am now. Will anyone even notice that I'm gone? It was then that a faint aroma drifted through the darkness: the scent of cooking. I stumbled towards it, and soon, a faint, yellowish light glowed through the trees. It was Uncle Krull's cabin and I could see him through the window! Thankful beyond words, I knew I could finally ask for help. My hardship was over.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

When you are working in healthcare, it is important to develop a solid professional relationship with your patients. By establishing realistic self-boundaries, you can protect that relationship. It is important to keep the focus on the patient. When working with patients who are seen frequently, it is easy to start to think of them as friends. With a friend, you are likely to share personal information that is not appropriate with a patient. Patients may feel that they cannot share important health-related information because you are their friend, and it would be embarrassing to share that information. Self-boundaries can also be thought of as professional boundaries. You need to treat patients with respect and keep the relationship professional. Be friendly to patients and always keep the focus on the patient.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

Coat a fresh, wet swab in salt, and gently touch various spots on your tongue, recording where your taste seems strongest. Then, gargle with water to thoroughly clean your tongue, use a swab coated with sugar on the same spots, and record those results. Gargle again, and then swab with lemon juice. After a final gargle, try coffee. Compare your reactions with your friends'. Your taste pattern may reveal more than just taste preferences. Recent studies suggest links between taster status and behavioral disorders. For example, "non-tasters" tend to have a higher incidence of alcoholism, perhaps because liquor seems less bitter to them. Conversely, "super-tasters" may avoid nutritious but mildly bitter foods such as broccoli, thus depriving themselves of a balanced diet. So, although taste is not nearly as glamorous as vision, hearing, or even touch, it makes sense for you to pay closer attention to it because chemistry, at least in your mouth, could be destiny.

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The Makings의 2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Social media serves as an important context to facilitate autobiographical remembering. Personal events posted on social media platforms are better remembered and less forgotten than those not posted, independent of the characteristics of the events. This may be because sharing memories online allows individuals to rehearse and make sense of what happened, thus facilitating long-term memory retention. Online feedback such as comments and likes as well as technological features such as algorithms and periodic reminders can further serve as memory cues for the posted event details. As a result, event details shared on social media are likely stabilized and remembered over time, whereas those not shared may become inaccessible or forgotten.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Multisensory experiences are a central part of our everyday lives, yet we often take them for granted, especially when our senses function normally or are corrected to normal with aids like glasses. However, closer inspection to any, even the most ordinary experiences, reveals the remarkable multisensory world in which we live. Consider the experience of eating a regular meal. At first, it may seem like an ordinary experience, but it is actually a fusion of the senses. We first eat with our eyes, but we are also exposed to countless sensory signals that influence our eating experience such as food textures, tastes, and smells. And it does not stop there. Even the sounds that come both from the atmospheres in which we eat and our interactions with the food (such as chewing) and the tools we use to eat influence our eating experience.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

As children, the principle of opposites is foreign. Children perceive words and their meanings separately from each other. It is only in later development that we understood that individual words directly connect to one another. For many children, for instance, it is not clear that 'Right' is the opposite of 'Left'. A vivid example of this can be seen when children learn to ride a bicycle. If parents tell their child "Don't go to the left," they will often find that the child will continue riding straight ahead and not automatically turn to the right. The same applies to the logical connection between 'Yes' and 'No' as perceived by parents. When we were children and were told, for example, "No, don't eat with your hands," we were confused and didn't know what our parents expected from us. Our confusion was about whether we should continue eating or not and if so, how? Only later did we recognize the connection and understand that we should continue eating, but not with our hands but with a fork or a spoon.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Humans are not the most social animal. Ants, bees, and termites put humanity to shame on many metrics of sociality. A wide variety of relatives live together with perfectly harmonious behavior and collectively care for their young. But while insect colonies are impressively social places, it's not our kind of social life. Bees always build hexagonal hives, ants march in lines, and termites move in zigzag formations. These patterns recur predictably because they are tightly programmed genetically and propelled pheromonally. We humans are more free, less tightly programmed genetically, so our social patterns can be more diverse and dynamic. Every group dances a slightly different dance, and these choreographies change across generations. We still think and act in ways that are in harmony with others around us, but it is through patterns that are more shaped by nurture, not just nature.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Those who purchase the goods of a company are called customers. Individuals who purchase goods for personal use are called consumers: beings who consume. Therefore, companies have invented multiple ways to ensure that their customers consume the produced items in larger and larger quantities and more and more frequently. Those who sell food have an easy time, for food is literally consumed, so there is always a need to purchase new food. But with more permanent things, companies must invent reasons for their customers to continue to consume them. One approach is to make the stuff that people already have outdated by convincing them that it is no longer fashionable. The entire fashion industry is built to convince people that fashion matters, so they must purchase new clothing, even though the old is still perfectly functionable. Fashion today extends to far more things than clothes: automobiles, mobile phones, computers ― the list is extended indefinitely, limited only by the limits of the creative minds of the marketing divisions of companies.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Kivetz, Urminsky, and Zheng partnered with a cafe to test the motivating effect of illusory progress in an experiment. Customers received a reward card that offered one free coffee after they'd bought ten. While half of the customers received a card with ten open slots, the other half got a card with twelve open slots. Yet the twelve-slot card had two preexisting "bonus" stamps, so, strictly speaking, these were identical reward programs. Every customer who got a card needed to make ten coffee purchases (and collect ten stamps) to get their free coffee. But the appeal of the free stamps was high. People who thought they'd gotten a head start came back to the cafe more often, filling in their reward card more quickly than the others. When the card came with two out of twelve slots already filled, it felt to customers like they were already 16 percent finished with the goal before they'd even started. Believing they were closer to the reward, they were more motivated to reach the finish line.

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총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

Human beings have evolved to make the most of the resources available to them in ways that are subtle and complicated. When we change our diets, especially when we do so quickly, we are effectively conducting huge experiments in nutrition. We ought to have more humility. Nutritional science is still young and there is so much we do not know. If we have eaten certain foods in certain ways for millennia, we should assume until it is proven otherwise that there is probably a good reason why. Traditional foods that don't fit neatly on the contemporary dietary food plate should generally be chosen over highly processed ones that do. We should assume that traditionally made fatty blood sausages are preferable to lean, factory-made salamis; that spoonfuls of honey are superior to sprinkles of sweeteners. Witnessing how poorly traditional societies are faring as they undergo a nutrition transition should make those who have already completed it question whether their diets have moved too far.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

While convenience and technology are crucial, they are not the only factors driving Gen Z's financial decisions. This generation is incredibly values-driven, and they want to bank with institutions that match their personal beliefs and values. Transparency is vital. Gen Z is skeptical of large corporations and institutions that lack accountability. They have grown up in a world where information is freely available, and they expect complete transparency from the brands they support. Banks, for example, must clearly communicate fees, terms, and conditions, as well as how they handle customers' data. Moreover, ethical banking practices are more important than ever. Gen Z cares about the environment, social justice, and the ethical implications of their financial decisions. They are interested in sustainable investing, supporting businesses that match their values, and ensuring that their money is not being used to fund harmful practices. Banks that offer socially responsible investment opportunities and are committed to environmental sustainability will attract Gen Z's attention.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Myths aren't only stories. For example, a well-known myth that persists today is the supposed high iron content in spinach. This is a legend that dates back to 1890 and originates from a simple miscalculation by physiologist Gustav von Bunge. He accurately determined that 100 grams of spinach contained 35 milligrams of iron but he was analyzing dried spinach, which held ten times more iron than the same amount of fresh leafy greens. Although the error was swiftly corrected, the correction was just as swiftly forgotten. The myth had taken hold. Popeye, who gained superhuman strength from the leafy greens and defended himself with iron fists, contributed to its endurance and even today, some nearly 150 years later, parents the world over use this tale to try to persuade their children into eating the healthy vegetable.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

The technical term often used to describe animals' judgement of numbers is the approximate number system. What it does not provide is precision. It shows ― and this is the same in every species tested ― a characteristic pattern of errors, with discrimination becoming less accurate as the quantities get bigger. Rhesus monkeys can tell one from two, two from three, three from four, four from five ... but start to fail from five upwards. Rats that learned to press a lever a given number of times, from four up to twenty-four, became markedly less and less precise in their responses as the number increased: by the top end of the range they would merely produce a spread of numbers around the target. It is a common observation that when testing the accuracy of animals' number sense, the size of the numbers matters.

5번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

Despite the cultural trope depicting emotions as the opposite of rational thought, cognition ― what we commonly refer to as thinking ― is actually a key building block of emotion. How we think about our circumstances shapes the emotions we experience; then those emotions echo back to influence how we think. For instance, if you walk into a test thinking you are bad at taking tests, your anxiety will be increased. Then you don't feel good about your performance on the test, and that becomes evidence for continuing to think that you're bad at test taking. In this way there's simply no pulling emotion and cognition apart. This bi-directionality of cognition and emotion allows us to adjust difficult emotions by changing the way we think. By thinking differently ― I get nervous sometimes, but I'm still a good test taker, or that nervous feeling is just excitement and anticipation, it means I'm ready ― you can work those pathways to your advantage.

6번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

What is the Capabilities Approach (CA), and why would lawyers passionate about animal justice care about it? It is easy to say what it is not. The CA does not rank animals by likeness to humans or seek special privileges for those considered most "like us," as do some other popular theoretical approaches. The CA has concern for the finch and the pig as much as the whale and the elephant. And it argues that the human form of life is simply irrelevant when we think about what each type of animal needs and deserves. What is relevant is their own forms of life. Just as humans seek to be able to enjoy the characteristic goods of a human life, so a finch seeks a finch's life and the whale a whale's life. We should extend ourselves and learn, not lazily picture animals as lesser humans, seeking a life sort of like our own. According to the CA, each sentient creature should have the opportunity to flourish in the form of life characteristic for that creature.

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The Makings의 2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

An increasing awareness of our effect on the ocean is slowly seeping into the public agenda, dragging behind it a conversation that is decades overdue. But this conversation faces a massive obstacle. It's almost impossible to discuss what to do about something changing if you don't initially know how it works. If a doctor tells a patient that they have a problem with their kidneys, the patient probably already has at least a vague idea about where their kidneys are and what they're up to. They learned about that part of their own personal life-support system at school. But that's not the case for the oceans. When we see a news story about the long-term decline in the numbers of krill in the Southern Ocean, it sounds generally like a bad thing. But there's far more to it than the risk of whales going hungry. Krill are a part of the ocean engine. We need to understand at least some of the context before we can discuss the change and take appropriate action.

2번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

Rome was said to have been a melting pot from the very start. The historian Livy claimed the city's original population was comprised of immigrants flooding in from all directions, attracted by Romulus's deliberate policy of nondiscrimination. It was this initial openness, Livy asserts, that laid the foundations for the later strength and success of the city. Romans described their city as multicultural in the generations after its foundation. Tradition held that only a minority of the city's legendary kings were Roman-born, with the others all arriving as immigrants before being chosen for the throne for their virtues and merits. As the empire expanded across three continents, Rome eagerly adopted new cultural influences and absorbed incoming groups ― perhaps a little too eagerly for some, who, like the poet Juvenal, complained about the rapid rate of cultural change.

3번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

The laws and constants of physics and the fundamental forces in our universe have very precise forms and values. This means that, if they were only very slightly different, life would not have been possible. For instance, the precise value of gravity has enabled our universe to arise by permitting the aggregation of dust and gas particles to proto-stars around which planets later came to orbit, including the Earth around the Sun. If the value of the electron had been ever so slightly larger or smaller, chemistry, as we know it, would not have been possible and life, which is based on organic chemistry, could not have started. The universe was not designed for us to evolve, we have no privileged position in the universe; however, the laws and constants of physics allowed advanced life to evolve.

4번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Dalip Singh Saund was an Indian-born American politician. After graduating from the University of Punjab in India, he moved to the U.S. to attend graduate school. He earned his doctoral degree at the University of California in 1924 but could not get a job because of his nationality. The next year, he began farming in Imperial Valley, but he was not able to buy land without U.S. citizenship. Dalip developed an interest in politics and he often spoke out on Indian and political topics. He went to Washington, D.C. and promoted a bill that would allow Indians to become U.S. citizens. The bill was passed in 1946, and three years later Dalip received U.S. citizenship. He later became the first Asian to be elected to the U.S. Congress.

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The Makings의 2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part1은

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  2025년 고1 10월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제

Part 1의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

Dear Mr. Kelly,

My name is Mark Smith, and I am the manager of Lomos Tours. I express our sincere appreciation for your continued trust and loyalty. Next year, as part of a new promotional campaign, Lomos Tours will be airing an advertisement. We plan to include the experiences of some of our most valued clients. Since you traveled with us last summer, I would like to kindly ask if you would be willing to share a few words about your experience. Your feedback would be invaluable in helping us promote our services. A member of our team will be in touch with you shortly. Thank you in advance for your contributions.

Warm regards, Mark Smith

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

After finishing my shopping, I walked out of the grocery store and headed to the spot where I'd parked my car. But it wasn't there. I wasn't the kind of person to forget where I'd parked. I knew I was in the right place ― so where was my car? I looked around, but nothing made sense. Not knowing what to do, I called my husband at home and said, "My car is missing! I can't find my car." I heard him laughing on the other end of the line. "Your car is here outside the house! You took mine today, remember?" I turned around ― and there it was. I couldn't help but laugh at myself. With a sigh of relief, I walked over to the car. Everything was fine after all.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

One of the most important aspects of sustaining long-term relationships is communication. It's easy to connect with someone and then let the relationship get stuck due to a lack of follow-up. To keep the connection alive, make a conscious effort to stay in touch. This doesn't mean constantly reaching out with requests or updates but rather maintaining a friendly and consistent line of communication. A simple message to check in or share something of value can go a long way in reinforcing your relationship. For example, if you come across an article or resource that you think might interest a connection, share it with them, even if you haven't spoken in a while. This shows that you're thinking of them and are invested in maintaining the relationship.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

Currently, urban regeneration projects in degraded areas have been promoted as improving the wellbeing of residents and solving environmental injustice problems. However, such environmental improvements in ethnic communities and/or low-income households can create an urban green space paradox. The creation of new, high-quality green spaces can increase attractiveness, making these neighbourhood more desirable. By contrast, the cost of housing can rise, and residents may not be able to afford the rent. This results in the exclusion or displacement of the poor neighbourhood's residents, who were intended to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by the new green space. In turn, the residents may only be able to afford to live in a similar degraded neighbourhood to the one they left, with low access to green infrastructure.