고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Scientists are engineering the human gut microbiome to be the perfect environment for beneficial bacteria. They have provided essential nutrients through targeted foods and made it possible to maintain optimal conditions via carefully designed regimens. In the last few decades, we have become much more efficient at cultivating exactly the right bacterial balance. Global consumption of probiotic foods has risen fivefold since 2000, and research into personalized microbiome treatments has expanded dramatically; we are nourishing and optimizing our gut environments more than ever. Unfortunately, these conditions have also attracted the attention of unwanted guests. Because our gut is loaded with nutrients relative to the external environments that surround the body, it is desired as a prime location by every opportunistic bacterium nearby.

① Scientists are shaping the gut microbiome into an ideal home for helpful bacteria.

② Essential nutrients have been supplied through foods chosen for that very purpose.

③ Worldwide consumption of probiotic foods has grown five times larger since 2000.

④ Research on microbiome treatments tailored to individuals has narrowed in recent years.

⑤ Compared with the environments outside the body, the gut holds a rich supply of nutrients.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 장내 미생물군 연구의 발전 추세를 설명하면서, 개인 맞춤형 미생물군 치료 연구의 방향을 명확히 밝힌다. 지문은 ”research into personalized microbiome treatments has expanded dramatically”라고 명시한다. 즉, 개인 맞춤형 미생물군 치료 연구는 "극적으로 확대되었다(expanded dramatically)" — 연구 범위가 넓어졌다는 것이다. 따라서 이 연구가 최근 몇 년간 ”좁아졌다(has narrowed)”고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 개인 맞춤형 미생물군 치료 연구가 ”극적으로 확대되었다(expanded dramatically)”고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 ”좁아졌다(has narrowed)”고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 10회 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 10 회의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

To the Regional Transportation Authority,

I am writing to follow up on the city's bicycle lane network expansion initiative for Green Valley. Our local cycling advocacy group has developed a proposal to enhance the city's transportation infrastructure. We submitted a detailed plan outlining bicycle lane expansions to improve safety and accessibility in our city's transportation network three months ago. However, we have not yet received any feedback from your authority. Any further delay in the review process may affect our project timeline and budget planning. Therefore, we kindly request that you provide an update on the status of our submitted proposal. I look forward to your prompt response. Respectfully,

Sierra Poole, Green Valley Cycling Coalition Coordinator

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

Playing for the national orchestra had been my dream since childhood. As I walked on the stage, my palms were sweating. I had spent countless hours perfecting every note, but would it be enough? My fingers trembled as I held my violin. It was a final-round audition open to a small audience, and my family and friends had come to watch me perform. But I couldn't stop thinking about all the things that could go wrong. After the performance, the judges finally called my name and announced that I had passed the audition. I could barely contain my excitement. “Yes! I made it!” I said to myself victoriously.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

Many people focus solely on describing their physical symptoms when they visit a doctor. However, medical experts emphasize that the way you communicate with your healthcare provider significantly affects the quality of care you receive. To get the most out of your medical appointments, you should prepare a list of questions about your symptoms beforehand. This allows your doctor to better understand your condition and provide more targeted treatment. Additionally, the list ensures that you do not forget important health issues during the limited consultation time. Therefore, take time to organize your thoughts and prepare what to say in advance—this will actually lead to better healthcare outcomes.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

Scientists are engineering the human gut microbiome to be the perfect environment for beneficial bacteria. They have provided essential nutrients through targeted foods and made it possible to maintain optimal conditions via carefully designed regimens. In the last few decades, we have become much more efficient at cultivating exactly the right bacterial balance. Global consumption of probiotic foods has risen fivefold since 2000, and research into personalized microbiome treatments has expanded dramatically; we are nourishing and optimizing our gut environments more than ever. Unfortunately, these conditions have also attracted the attention of unwanted guests. Because our gut is loaded with nutrients relative to the external environments that surround the body, it is desired as a prime location by every opportunistic bacterium nearby.

5번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

In the world of creative work, inspiration strikes at unexpected moments. When you see a writer struggling with creative block, a simple question can unlock the flow of ideas. Also, having everyday conversations can spark creative inspiration. Creative minds possess the ability to transform ordinary dialogue into extraordinary ideas. Even a brief, random exchange can awaken hidden creative abilities; these interactive moments often become catalysts that break down creative barriers. As such, minor communication can serve as the driving force behind artistic creation.

6번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

We tend to look for shortcuts in building relationships, relying on social media and quick interactions. When choosing convenience over genuine connection, we lose the opportunity to develop meaningful bonds. Many of us never really work to master the art of building strong connections. These relationships are vital foundations that enhance our emotional well-being, personal growth, and career success. Strong friendships don't form through casual exchanges; they develop through dedication. It's the emotional investment, sincere care, active listening, and consistent presence that create lasting bonds. Meaningful connections develop through facing challenges together, not from taking the path of least resistance. Nurturing deep connections will eventually be our greatest source of fulfillment.

7번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

Beneath every study habit lies a deeper belief about the kind of student we think we are, shaping our educational choices both consciously and unconsciously. According to recent research, individuals tend to align their academic behavior with their perceived scholarly identity. Take, for instance, the striking difference between those who embrace the identity of “dedicated scholar” and those who merely view studying as a task to complete─the former consistently demonstrate higher engagement in learning activities. When people regard academic excellence as a core part of who they are, the pursuit of knowledge becomes second nature. After all, when your behavior and your identity perfectly align, you are no longer changing your study habits. You are simply expressing your academic self through your studies.

8번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Lise Meitner, a distinguished Austrian physicist, was born in Vienna in 1878 to a Jewish family. After receiving her doctor's degree at the University of Vienna in 1906, she attended physics lectures in Germany and began collaborating with chemist Otto Hahn on radioactivity research. During their three decades of partnership, they were among the first to isolate protactinium-231 and conducted groundbreaking studies on nuclear processes. In the 1930s, she participated in investigating neutron bombardment of uranium. She left Germany in 1938 and settled in Sweden, and in the following year, she provided the theoretical explanation for nuclear fission. She was later invited to join the Manhattan Project but declined due to her opposition to atomic weapons.

9번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

Studying pre-industrial economy, which can be characterized by localized production and craft-based labor, reveals a profound economic transformation. Historical analysis of early craftsperson communities has indicated that our ancestors engaged in skill-based work with a considerable degree of autonomy. If this assessment is accurate, it raises questions about why so many societies were driven to industrialization: building factories and machines required enormous capital, and it was in industrial centers that working-class poverty and labor exploitation became more systematically widespread. Despite its disruption to traditional ways of life, the development of mechanized production undoubtedly resulted in a dramatic increase in economic output. This period, known as the Industrial Revolution, was a crucial turning point in economic development, eventually leading to contemporary industrial “civilizations.”

10번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

We develop the habit of saving resources for future needs. This behavioral pattern appears to demonstrate a preference for a delayed reward: the individual sacrifices immediate gratification for a greater future benefit. Therefore, the future value of a resource is perceived to be higher than its current value. However, psychological factors can disrupt rational planning. Individuals may not persist until their goal is achieved but use their saved resources incautiously. For instance, a student might put aside money throughout an entire semester for a new laptop yet spontaneously spend it on concert tickets. Such scenarios represent an impulsive decision-making process. While individuals may carefully manage their savings with strategic intent, they often act differently when an opportunity for immediate satisfaction emerges.

11번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

The costs of postponement are extensively documented across various domains. Some educational researchers describe it as “the thief of academic potential” that undermines students’ achievement. A well-known study by Piers Steel in 2007 tracked college students, revealing that those who frequently put off their work showed lower academic performance. The famous author Douglas Adams, creator of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, was infamous for missing deadlines, once saying he loved deadlines because he loved the whooshing sound they make as they fly by. Beyond academic and creative fields, chronic delays have considerable consequences for those in critical roles─such as doctors, lawyers, and project managers─not only compromising work quality but also increasing stress, reducing career advancement opportunities, and leading to slower professional growth.

12번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

Neuroscience research has provided compelling evidence that early childhood experiences lead to structural brain changes. Children who engage in rich sensory activities before age five show enlarged sensory processing areas in their brains. Similarly, young children exposed to multiple languages develop larger language centers compared to their monolingual peers. Brain scans have revealed that the areas of the brain controlling finger movements are larger in musicians who began training at an early age than in those who started later. Additional studies have shown that children who read extensively develop bigger regions in the left cerebral cortex that are responsible for language processing. The key finding is that the developing brain’s architecture adapts and grows based on the experiences and stimulation it receives during critical early periods.

13번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

Psychological studies have shown how experienced teachers often fail to accurately assess the challenges their students face in learning new concepts. In a 1996 study, Borko and Putnam demonstrated that veteran mathematics teachers often underestimate the difficulties their students face when learning new algebraic principles. This phenomenon, known as expert blindness, causes skilled individuals to lose sight of the complexities newcomers encounter. The research indicates that as teachers become more proficient, they tend to misjudge the cognitive demands of basic skill acquisition and how challenging these skills are to master. They have difficulty remembering their own struggles when they learned these same concepts. To overcome this cognitive bias, effective educators must consider the learning from a beginner’s perspective rather than relying on their own perspective of the subject matter.

14번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

roup meetings often fall prey to what researchers call groupthink—a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for harmony leads to irrational decision-making. To counter this, organizations are increasingly turning to a method called structured dissent. This approach begins with individuals privately articulating their thoughts on a given challenge. The ideas are collected and circulated throughout the team without disclosing who came up with them. Each team member independently reviews and critiques all ideas before any collective discussion. Only then does the team assemble to debate the merits of various perspectives. By assessing and organizing ideas anonymously prior to group conversation, teams can minimize social pressure and bias. This ensures that unique insights aren’t lost due to interpersonal dynamics or status considerations, allowing truly innovative solutions to surface.

15번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Collaborative learning environments have transformed how students engage with complex material. In one notable study, students were divided into teams, with each team member assigned a unique segment of a complex problem. Students were required to thoroughly understand their section and then share their knowledge with other team members. It was discovered that students in collaborative settings demonstrated greater comprehension of key concepts compared to those using traditional learning methods. This result stems from the fact that each student's success is dependent on their teammates' understanding. Creating opportunities for such structured collaboration encouraged students to articulate their specialized understanding.

16번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely celebrated as a major step toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. However, the environmental benefits of EVs are not as straightforward as commonly presented. While EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, their environmental impact depends largely on how the electricity used to charge them is generated. In many regions where electricity comes primarily from the burning of coal or other fossil fuels, the emissions are simply shifted from vehicles to power plants. A study found that in regions highly dependent on coal power, the lifecycle emissions of an electric vehicle could be slightly higher than those of an efficient gasoline car. Furthermore, the production of EV batteries requires substantial mining of rare minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. This mining process causes land disruption, deforestation, and water pollution. Producing a single EV battery can require processing tens of thousands of pounds of ore.

17번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

The introduction of non-native species can severely disrupt established ecosystems. The brown tree snake invasion of Guam is a clear example. Accidentally brought to the island via military cargo ships after World War II, the snakes encountered a paradise of unsuspecting prey that had never evolved defenses against snake predation. These predators reached lengths of up to three meters and could climb trees, giving them access to bird nests. With no natural enemies and an abundance of prey, brown tree snake populations exploded to densities of up to 13,000 per square mile in some areas. By the 1980s, 10 of Guam's 12 native bird species had been completely eliminated from the wild. This loss of avian seed dispersers and insect controllers has triggered ripple effects throughout Guam's ecosystem, including dramatic increases in spider populations and declining forest regeneration.

18번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Technology has changed education from the traditional classroom to a global, interconnected learning ecosystem. Online resources provide students with access to information that was once only available in specialized libraries or academic institutions. The development of interactive learning platforms allows for personalized education experiences that adapt to each student's pace and learning style. In other words, education has been democratized, since high-quality learning materials have been made available to anyone with an Internet connection. Digital skills, however, are not equally distributed across all age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Older generations often struggle with basic computer skills, while individuals from rural areas frequently lack access to advanced digital devices or digital literacy training. Without addressing these disparities, the promise of digital education remains unfulfilled for many learners. Educational institutions must develop comprehensive digital literacy programs to truly benefit all students equally.

19번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Deforestation continues to be a major challenge that societies face worldwide. Global forest monitoring systems estimate that about 10 million hectares of forest are lost annually, primarily converted to agricultural land. This conversion process directly undermines global climate stability. This is particularly problematic because forests function as critical carbon sinks that absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere. When the forests are cleared, not only is their carbon storage capacity eliminated, but the stored carbon is also released back into the atmosphere, creating a dual negative impact on climate stability. However, international conservation efforts have demonstrated some success, with protected forest areas showing approximately 40 percent lower rates of deforestation than unprotected regions. To support these efforts, initiatives like REDD+ continue to offer financial incentives to developing nations, recognizing that preserving forests remains essential for maintaining global climate stability.

20번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Over the past few decades, environmental scientists have documented and analyzed the increasing impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems. While most attention has focused on visible plastic waste, microplastics—particles smaller than 5 mm—pose an even more serious threat. These microscopic particles, including those invisible to the naked eye, have been found in the deepest ocean trenches and the most remote Arctic ice. Current waste management systems, though well-designed for handling larger debris, have proven ineffective when confronting these microscopic pollutants. Studies indicate that marine organisms frequently consume these particles, leading to bioaccumulation throughout the food chain. Despite growing awareness of this issue, numerous industrial processes continue to release microplastics into the environment. This situation calls for a fundamental shift in our approach to plastic production processes and waste management systems, putting the emphasis on prevention rather than cleanup.

21번 지문(문항 번호 41-42번)

People generally try to sustain a positive attitude, realizing that this contributes to a higher level of overall happiness. Nevertheless, research has shown that we have a natural tendency to focus more intently on bad experiences than on good ones and to think about them long after they have ended. Known as the negativity bias, this mindset is a remainder from the earliest periods of human history, when our ancestors endured a hostile environment with limited technology to aid them. In such a context, an increased awareness of potential threats and an urge to contemplate past risks was an evolutionary advantage. Those individuals who were not extremely careful of the dangers around them likely did not survive very long. This instinct plays a similar if less vital role today—our obsession with avoiding hazards and evaluating our responses to those encountered in the past leads to greater security in all areas of our life. Yet it is important to note that this psychological phenomenon can have an adverse impact on how we perceive and interact with the world. Most notably, it can interfere with rational decision-making, resulting in missed opportunities because our fear of negative outcomes prevents us from taking on challenges that offer significant rewards. The bias may also make it harder to form and maintain meaningful relationships, as we are constantly expecting the worst from other people and interpreting their actions in an unfavorable manner.

22번 지문(문항 번호 43-45번)

As the small sailboat skimmed across the waves, the student learning to operate the vessel looked around with great satisfaction. She had always wanted to sail, and now, after weeks of lessons, she was finally getting the hang of it. The instructor watched, taking great pride in her student's growing competence. Both felt a sense of peace as they admired the blue water around them. The calm ended suddenly when they heard a loud crackling sound and the ship's systems lost power. While the instructor tried to figure out the cause of the electrical problem, the student felt increasingly nervous. They were so far out to sea that she couldn't see the land, and the navigation equipment was no longer working. How could they get back if the power did not come back on? Her fears were realized when the instructor reported that the power could not be restored. But to the student's surprise, she did not offer to take over sailing the ship. Instead, she pointed out that this was an excellent learning opportunity. She turned to her student and said, “Try to stay calm and remember what I taught you about navigating.” She added, “You can do this!” The student took a deep breath and thought of everything she had learned. Checking the time and the position of the sun, she began sailing in the direction that she hoped would take them back to where they had started from. After what seemed like an eternity, she spotted the distant shore. And to her left was the distinctive hill that rose behind the sailing school.

박문여고 내신,

'현역 진학에 강한 학교'라는 데이터가 말해주는 것

박문여고의 성격을 가장 잘 보여주는 지표가 하나 있습니다. 졸업생의 현역 4년제 대학 진학률이 전국 581위, 상위 35%에 해당한다는 점입니다. 재수로 승부를 미루지 않고 고등학교 3년 안에 결과를 만들어내는 학생 비율이 높은 학교라는 뜻입니다.

이 숫자는 학습 전략에 직결됩니다. 현역 진학이 강하다는 것은 곧 내신과 학생부로 승부를 보는 수시 중심 구조가 작동하고 있다는 의미이기 때문입니다. 고1 1학기 첫 중간고사부터 누적되는 내신 평균이 그대로 지원 가능 대학을 결정하고, 수시 전형 대부분이 요구하는 수능 최저학력기준을 맞추기 위한 국어·수학·영어 관리가 함께 따라붙습니다.

학군 환경도 함께 봐야 합니다. 송도국제도시는 인천에서 교육열이 가장 높은 지역으로, 학원가가 촘촘하게 형성되어 있고 학부모의 입시 정보 수준도 높습니다. 학교 안에서의 경쟁은 인천 평균이 주는 인상보다 훨씬 밀도가 높다고 보는 것이 현실적입니다.

여기에 박문여고만의 특성이 하나 더 있습니다. 독서와 논술 교육이 교육과정에 편제된 학교라는 점입니다. 읽고 쓰는 훈련을 꾸준히 시키는 학교에서는 국어 시험이 단순 암기로 풀리지 않고, 서술형 답안의 완성도에서 등급이 갈립니다. 반대로 말하면 국어를 제대로 준비한 학생이 가장 큰 보상을 받는 구조이기도 합니다.

정리하면 박문여고 학생에게 필요한 것은 흔들림 없는 내신 등급 관리, 수능 최저를 받쳐줄 주요 과목 실력, 그리고 독서·논술 활동을 학생부 서사로 엮어내는 설계입니다.

국어 – 목동키국어영어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/mokdongkey

목동키국어영어학원은 고등 국어와 영어를 함께 지도하는 전문 학원입니다. '목동'은 대한민국 3대 학군으로 꼽히는 서울 양천구 목동의 이름이고, '키(KEY)'는 문제의 핵심을 여는 열쇠를 뜻합니다. 목동 학군에서 검증된 지도 방식으로 학생마다 막혀 있는 지점의 열쇠를 찾아주겠다는 의미입니다.

박문여고는 독서·논술 교육을 교육과정에 편제한 학교인 만큼, 국어 시험의 지문 수준이 높고 서술형 비중이 큽니다. 감으로 읽는 독해로는 등급이 나오지 않고, 근거를 짚어 읽는 훈련과 채점 기준을 정확히 맞춘 답안 작성이 필요합니다. 수시 중심 구조에서 국어 등급은 수능 최저 충족까지 좌우하는 과목이기도 합니다. 목동키국어영어학원은 박문여고 출제 경향에 맞춰 문학·독서(비문학)·문법 전 영역을 체계적으로 지도하고, 서술형 답안 첨삭과 수능 국어 연계 커리큘럼을 함께 운영합니다.

영어 – 글로리영어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/glory_english_

글로리영어학원은 송도에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 영어 전문 학원입니다. '글로리(Glory)'는 영광을 뜻하는 말로, 3년의 노력이 끝내 합격이라는 영광으로 돌아오게 하겠다는 뜻을 담고 있습니다.

박문여고 영어 내신은 교과서 본문과 학교 부교재, 외부 지문까지 범위가 넓어 본문 암기만으로는 1등급 확보가 어렵습니다. 변형 문제 대응력과 서술형 영작의 정확도에서 등급이 갈립니다. 송도 학군 특성상 영어에 강한 학생이 많아 변별이 쉽지 않다는 점도 고려해야 합니다. 수능 영어가 절대평가인 점을 활용해 내신 등급 확보와 수능 최저용 1~2등급 안정화를 하나의 학습으로 묶는 것이 현역 진학이 강한 박문여고 학생에게 특히 효율적입니다. 글로리영어학원은 박문여고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·구문·독해·본문 정밀 분석·서술형 영작을 단계별로 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 학교별 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 고수학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/gomath6655

고수학학원은 송도에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '고수학'이라는 이름에는 높은 수준의 수학(高數學)과 그 분야의 고수(高手)를 길러낸다는 두 가지 뜻이 함께 읽힙니다. 문제를 푸는 기술이 아니라 문제를 다루는 사람을 만들겠다는 지향입니다.

수학은 박문여고에서 등급 변별이 가장 크게 일어나는 과목이자, 수능 최저학력기준 충족을 가르는 결정적 과목입니다. 공통수학에서 대수·미적분Ⅰ·확률과 통계로 이어지는 흐름에서 한 번 구멍이 생기면 이후 단원 전체가 흔들리기 때문에, 무리한 선행보다 개념의 빈틈을 메우는 복습 설계가 우선입니다. 현역으로 승부를 보는 학교일수록 고1부터의 누적 관리가 중요합니다. 고수학학원은 박문여고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 정리, 고난도 유형 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

과학 – 스터디브릭스 송도관

블로그: blog.naver.com/studybricks_corp

스터디브릭스 송도관은 송도에서 고등 과학 내신과 수능 과탐을 지도하는 학원입니다. '스터디브릭스(Study Bricks)'는 공부(Study)와 벽돌(Bricks)을 합친 이름으로, 벽돌을 한 장씩 쌓아 건물을 세우듯 개념을 차곡차곡 쌓아 실력을 세운다는 뜻을 담고 있습니다. 한 번에 무너지지 않는 구조를 만드는 공부를 지향합니다.

박문여고 과학 내신은 개념 이해와 탐구 적용, 서술형 답안 작성 능력이 고르게 요구됩니다. 선택 과목에 따라 물리학·화학·생명과학·지구과학의 조합이 갈리고, 수강 인원이 적은 과목일수록 한 문항의 실수가 등급을 통째로 바꿉니다. 이공계·의약계열 진로를 염두에 둔 학생이라면 내신 과학과 수능 과탐을 처음부터 연계해 설계하는 것이 시간을 가장 아끼는 방법입니다. 스터디브릭스 송도관은 단원별 핵심 개념 정리부터 박문여고 기출 분석, 서술형·탐구 실험 대비, 수능 과탐 연계까지 내실 있는 커리큘럼으로 진행합니다.

종합/입시 – 세정학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/bhs001967

세정학원은 박문여고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. '세정'이라는 이름에는 세상(世)으로 나아가는 바른(正) 길을 함께 정한다는 뜻이 읽힙니다. 성적을 올리는 데서 끝나지 않고 학생이 갈 길을 함께 설계하는 학원을 지향합니다.

박문여고는 현역 진학률이 높은 수시 중심 학교입니다. 전략이 비교적 명확한 만큼 실행의 정밀함이 결과를 가릅니다. 고1 첫 시험부터 누적되는 내신 평균 관리, 선택 과목 설계, 독서·논술 활동과 교과 세특을 하나의 서사로 엮는 작업, 수능 최저 충족을 위한 과목별 전략, 그리고 교과·학종·논술 중 어느 전형에 무게를 실을지의 판단까지가 모두 입시의 일부입니다. 세정학원은 박문여고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 선택 과목 설계 상담, 수시 학생부·세특 관리, 면접 준비, 수능 최저 대비 로드맵, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

박문여고 내신,

3년 안에 결과를 만드는 학교의 전략은 다릅니다

박문여고는 1940년 소화고등여학교로 출발해 85년을 이어온 가톨릭 미션스쿨이자, 2015년 송도국제도시로 이전해 인천 최고 학군 한가운데 자리 잡은 여자고등학교입니다. 진·선·미를 교훈으로 독서와 논술을 교육과정에 담아온 학교답게 국어의 무게가 크고, 현역 4년제 진학률이 전국 상위 35%에 드는 수시 중심의 학교이기도 합니다. 3년 안에 결과를 내는 구조에서는 첫 시험 한 번의 무게가 다릅니다. 박문여고 출제 경향을 정확히 아는 과목별 전문 학원을 만나는 것이 그 출발점입니다.

더메이킹스에서 박문여고 맞춤 학원 목록을 확인해 보세요.

👉 학교별 맞춤 학원 찾기 – 더메이킹스

https://themakings.co.kr/398

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

The expression never settle for good enough is used in many fields, from sports to business. If you want to achieve difficult goals, you can't really have a complacent mindset that accepts the status quo. You have to be ready to work longer, give more effort, and take on more responsibilities than what is normally required. Consider a professional basketball player, for instance. The coach expects the player to practice two hours a day and perform well in games. But if the player wants to win the championship, he or she must train more frequently and with greater intensity, study the other teams' strategies to find an advantage, and step up as a leader to ensure every player's full commitment to the shared goal. Does this guarantee that the team will win the championship? No. But embracing the unseen grind will certainly put the player and the team in a better position than just following the expected path.

① The writer argues that extra effort makes a championship win certain.

② The phrase "never settle for good enough" is used in fields ranging from sports to business.

③ Reaching hard goals requires giving more effort than is normally demanded.

④ A complacent mindset that accepts the status quo is seen as an obstacle to difficult goals.

⑤ Taking on the unseen grind places a team in a stronger position.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 추가적 노력의 중요성을 강조하면서도, 그 노력이 가져오는 결과의 확실성에 대해 명확한 한계를 밝힌다. 특히 지문이 스스로 던지는 자문자답 형식의 질문을 정확히 읽는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 ”Does this guarantee that the team will win the championship? No.”라고 명시한다. 즉, 추가적 노력이 우승을 ”보장하지 않는다(does not guarantee)”는 것이다. 노력은 더 나은 위치에 놓아줄 뿐, 결과를 확정짓지는 않는다.

따라서 저자가 추가적 노력이 챔피언십 우승을 ”확실하게 만든다(makes certain)”고 주장한다는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ①번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 추가적 노력이 챔피언십 우승을 ”보장하는가?”라는 질문에 ”아니다(No)”라고 명확히 답하는 반면, ①번은 저자가 추가적 노력이 우승을 ”확실하게 만든다(makes certain)”고 주장한다고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 9회 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 9회의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

I've long admired your gallery's commitment to diverse forms of artistic expression. Your space has hosted so many great exhibitions, and I hope to add to that legacy. Recently, I've been organizing a photography exhibition titled World Travel Photos that will take place at the end of this year. Over 10 photographers have agreed to participate in the exhibition. It will require a large space to showcase all their works. I'm particularly interested in your gallery's South Hall, which I believe is the perfect size for my upcoming exhibition. I would like to inquire if it's available for rent in December. It would be an honor to hold this exhibition there. I hope to hear back from you soon.

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

I had almost finished preparing for my husband's birthday party. The dining room looked really cheerful with the balloons and banner on the wall, and I knew my hard work had been worth it. "You did a great job," my daughter said. I smiled proudly in response. Just then, the doorbell rang. It was the caterer with the food for the party. She brought everything into the dining room and began setting up. But the food she put on the table was not what I had ordered. I couldn't believe my eyes. I had requested several of my husband's favorite dishes, and none of them were there. I asked the caterer if she could fix the order before my husband got home. Unfortunately, there was not enough time. With guests arriving in 30 minutes, the perfect surprise party I had spent weeks planning was ruined.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

Many people refuse to attempt certain types of activities because they feel that failure is inevitable. They argue that they are simply not hardwired for them. People with this mindset might refuse to take tennis lessons because they think they are bad at sports or avoid studying a foreign language because they worry they aren't smart enough. These individuals blame their own traits for their unwillingness to broaden their horizons. They have already decided what they are good or bad at and cannot conceive of these abilities ever changing. But the truth is that our characteristics are not fixed in stone. Who you are now is just a starting point, and your abilities will improve if you take on new challenges. Moving out of your comfort zone is scary but necessary. Otherwise, you will never grow, and your weaknesses will remain a part of you forever.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

The expression never settle for good enough is used in many fields, from sports to business. If you want to achieve difficult goals, you can't really have a complacent mindset that accepts the status quo. You have to be ready to work longer, give more effort, and take on more responsibilities than what is normally required. Consider a professional basketball player, for instance. The coach expects the player to practice two hours a day and perform well in games. But if the player wants to win the championship, he or she must train more frequently and with greater intensity, study the other teams' strategies to find an advantage, and step up as a leader to ensure every player's full commitment to the shared goal. Does this guarantee that the team will win the championship? No. But embracing the unseen grind will certainly put the player and the team in a better position than just following the expected path.

5번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

Writing a story set in a different culture requires careful research. To a limited extent, an author can gain familiarity with another culture by reading up-to-date reference materials such as books and online articles, but these provide only a superficial understanding. Unless great care is taken to fully comprehend the beliefs and customs of the group you are presenting, you run the risk of making flawed assumptions that promote harmful stereotypes. Unlike factual details that can be easily verified, cultural nuances are complex and often misinterpreted by outsiders. Consulting with someone who belongs to the culture you intend to portray will ensure that your content is not seen as insensitive, or worse, disrespectful. An insider's perspective can be vital if you are on the outside looking in.

6번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

Almost everything in your body, from your organs to your bones and muscles, is protected by your skin. This outer covering serves as a barrier that stops harmful microorganisms from entering. It also does what is needed to maintain an ideal body temperature, releasing excess heat when you get hot and preventing its escape when you are cold. What this means is that the condition of your skin has a direct connection to your health in general. Poor skin health can be a reflection of problems occurring elsewhere in the body. In fact, the skin often provides doctors with information about health issues. For example, discolored skin can be a sign of kidney or liver disease, while small bumps on the skin around the eyes may indicate high cholesterol, which increases the risk of a heart attack.

7번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

People tense up in the face of danger, such as when they narrowly avoid a traffic accident or when a large dog barks at them. This is due to something called the fight-or-flight response. Why do we experience this? The answer lies in our nervous system, which reacts to perceived danger by releasing hormones like adrenaline. These chemicals prepare our body for immediate action by increasing heart rate, accelerating breathing, and reducing pain sensitivity. The end result is that we are primed to either confront a threat or run away from it. The ability to react instantly to predators was a crucial advantage for our early ancestors, greatly increasing their chances of survival. In our modern environment, however, deadly threats are relatively rare, so the fight-or-flight response is activated more often in response to everyday stressors. It's like how a sensitive alarm system might trigger a full emergency response for a minor issue.

8번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Mary McLeod Bethune was born to former slaves in South Carolina. Benefiting from policies aimed at educating African-Americans after the Civil War, she attended a boarding school in North Carolina. After graduation, she moved to Florida where she opened a training school for African-American girls. She struggled at first due to a lack of funding and had to work tirelessly to encourage contributions and gain support from members of the community. Eventually, her school became a success, and in 1929, it merged with another educational institution to become an authorized college. Bethune's efforts to promote education and to improve racial relations resulted in her gaining national recognition. She went on to found the National Council of Negro Women, an organization devoted to the interests of African-American women. In 1936, President Roosevelt appointed her as the administrative assistant for a national youth organization.

9번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

Humans have an innate preference for living in groups. For the earliest humans, this preference was necessary for survival. Hunting and gathering in groups was more efficient and provided greater food security than doing so alone. The collective size of the group also kept predators away. Furthermore, living in groups enabled individuals to support each other during times of need. If group members became sick or injured and were left without care, they would likely die, which could weaken the group as a whole by reducing its numbers and capabilities. However, within a supportive group, such individuals were given intensive care until they recovered, helping preserve both their lives and the group’s overall strength. Different members had different strengths, so individuals came to rely on one another for what each did well. This interdependence encouraged the development of skills, including basic communication and empathy, to maintain the harmony of the group and avoid conflicts. Unresolved conflicts threatened the group’s unity and, consequently, the safety of each of its members.

10번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

The term activism can create a negative impression because many people believe that it is associated with aggressive behavior. This perception stems from misrepresentation by the media. Activists are frequently portrayed as holding extreme viewpoints and engaging in disruptive activities. This leads to the obvious question: does activism actually encourage violence? The simple answer is no—the goal of activism is to fight injustices for a better future, and there are a broad range of ways to achieve this. While demonstrations do occur, peaceful methods such as online campaigns to attract public attention are becoming more common. This is because activists know that the obstacles they face can be overcome only through sustained public engagement and support. So the focus of activism is on educating the public about the need to address important social, political, and economic issues. In other words, activists attempt to motivate all members of society to work together toward the greater good.

11번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Visual information plays an important role in ensuring that we are meeting our bodily needs. This was established by a recent experiment based on the research of psychologist Charles Spence. It involved altering the environment of a yoga class. During the first session, the room in which the class was held was decorated as usual. For the second session, however, “visual thirst prompts” such as warm colors and images of water and hot deserts were added to the walls. During each session, the class was observed closely to determine if these prompts had any effect on behavior. The results of the experiment showed that when participants were exposed to visual cues encouraging fluid consumption, they drank approximately 80 percent more water without any instruction. This research reveals how our visual system unconsciously processes environmental information and adjusts our behavior accordingly. If what we see while exercising motivates us to drink, we can avoid dehydration.

12번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

In an experiment, a group of participants was asked to read statements presenting interesting facts like “an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain” and then type each statement into a separate computer file. These were randomly saved in six different folders with generic names such as “Facts.” The participants were then given 10 minutes to write down as many of the statements as they could recall. Once this was done, they were instructed to indicate which folder each statement had been saved into. When the researchers examined the results, a clear pattern emerged. The participants were able to more accurately recollect where a statement had been saved than what information it included. This indicates that when we believe data can be accessed on a computer, our brain focuses on location rather than content. In other words, we have a tendency to view digital devices as extensions of our memory.

13번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

Psychologist Klaus Conrad discovered that humans are prone to seeing connections between unrelated events. Consider how we interpret everyday events. When we experience a series of minor inconveniences—forgetting an umbrella, missing the bus, or spilling coffee—we often conclude we’re having an “unlucky day.” We then expect more negative events to follow and adapt our behavior, perhaps avoiding important decisions or new ventures. Similarly, a string of positive events might make us feel we’re on a lucky streak, encouraging us to take more risks. Although the relationships we see among random events have no real basis, having a brain constantly seeking patterns made it easier for our early ancestors to stay alive in a hostile world. Those who kept associating rustling grass with predators—even when wrong most of the time—lived longer than those who failed to make such connections. In effect, our urge to create links between isolated events was once important to our survival.

14번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

The 17th-century philosopher John Locke’s empiricism is most easily understood by considering the process of learning. Locke explored the question: how is it that we increase our understanding of the world? Earlier philosophers claimed that we are born with certain innate ideas that give us the capacity to reason and that this ability is the basis of everything we come to know. Locke firmly rejected this premise, proposing instead the concept of the tabula rasa, which means “blank slate” in Latin. According to Locke’s theory, our minds are like an empty piece of paper at first. It is through the observations that we make during our interactions with the world around us—as well as our reflections on these—that this piece of paper gradually fills up with our knowledge until we develop our overall comprehension of the world. What Locke meant is that learning must be perceived as knowledge acquired through experience.

15번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Persistence is key to achieving goals. However, some people prioritize their goals above all else, letting other parts of life fall by the wayside. The problem with this single-minded persistence is that it fails to prepare you for life's surprises; it applies to only one set of conditions. So when the conditions in your life suddenly change, you will feel unequipped to adapt to them and stay focused on your goals. That's why psychologists recommend a flexible approach that integrates goals with other aspects of your life, such as your passions and interests. When faced with obstacles, this flexibility can help you find different paths by going around, over, under, or through them. In this way, progress toward goals can be maintained through life's challenges.

16번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental condition that leads to great hardship for the people who suffer from it. Researchers have recently found that the cause of OCD may be rooted in the delicate relationship between two key chemicals in the brain. The first of these chemicals promotes neural activity. It stimulates nerve cells called neurons, with the result that they are more likely to exchange information in the form of electrical impulses. For this reason, it is classified as an excitatory neurotransmitter. In contrast, the other chemical has a calming effect. It blocks signals between nerve cells, preventing them from becoming too active. As the level of one chemical increases, the level of the other decreases—much like how a seesaw moves up and down. Given these differences, the proper function of the brain is dependent on the right balance between these two chemicals. If there is too much of the first and not enough of the second, a person is much more likely to develop OCD.

17번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

Virtual assistants have become commonplace today. Yet until fairly recently, limitations on the extent to which people were able to interact with this technology created an obstacle to its widespread use. Like many early digital technologies, virtual assistants were initially able to process input in only two ways. Users either had to select an option, such as from a menu, or type a specific text command. For people needing to access the technology while their hands were occupied with other tasks, this was extremely inconvenient. The incorporation of voice-recognition technology made things easier for people in these types of situations. Unfortunately, virtual assistants still proved frustrating to use, for the range of acceptable voice commands was limited, and the technology often struggled to comprehend individual speech patterns. This issue has largely been addressed by the development of artificial intelligence software with natural language processing. Users of virtual assistants can now speak in a conversational tone without needing to follow strict command formats.

18번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

During World War II, the US had to send millions of tons of food overseas to feed its troops, resulting in significant food shortages at home, particularly of fresh produce. To ensure that civilians had enough to eat, a program was implemented to promote the creation of community gardens. Residents were encouraged to grow fruits and vegetables in suitable locations such as school grounds and public parks. To help them succeed, they were provided with equipment, seeds, and pesticides, as well as access to gardening classes and instructional materials. The program was highly effective, with over eight million tons of food having been produced by the time the war ended in 1945. Despite the overall success of the program, almost all of the community gardens faced the threat of abandonment once the war ended. Specifically, as the national food supply recovered, people began to associate these gardens with wartime hardships and lost interest in maintaining them.

19번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

For the first eight years after its formation in 1972, the New York Islanders never won the National Hockey League championship. The team made it to the semi-finals many times but was always eliminated before it could win the big prize. The Islanders seemed to follow the same pattern each year, dominating during the regular season and then disappointing fans in the playoffs. So, at the end of the regular season, the members of the team decided not to shave their beards until they had either achieved victory or been eliminated. The situation finally changed for the better in 1980 when this superstitious tradition began just before the playoffs started. As the players' facial hair got longer and longer, the team defeated all opponents in each round of the playoffs before winning the championship. Maintaining this tradition, the Islanders went on to be champions for four years in a row, and now playoff beards are grown by most professional hockey players.

20번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Researchers at a British university conducted an experiment on the relationship between the presence of a particular scent and visual perception. In the experiment, participants were situated in an isolated room with no sensory stimuli. They were seated in front of a screen displaying a greyish color patch while the researchers released various scents into the room. Then the participants were asked to modify the patch until they achieved a color they perceived as neutral grey using two adjustable sliders: one controlling the yellow-to-blue spectrum and the other controlling the red-to-green spectrum. The findings showed that when exposed to the scent of cherry, participants tended to adjust the color to a more red-brown version of grey, while the scent of caramel led them to select a yellow-brown version of grey. According to the researchers, these findings suggest that our brains process and integrate multiple sensory inputs to grasp our environmental context more clearly and that visually-based perceptions can be influenced by other factors, including smell.

21번 지문(문항 번호 41-42번)

When all decision-making is in the hands of executives, the entire organization can suffer. For one thing, it causes delays as approval from higher levels of management can take time. For another, executives are often out of touch with the day-to-day operations of the company. In fact, it is their employees on the front lines who possess practical knowledge of the business. When it's time to make a decision, they are the ones with the most valuable insights to offer. I remember the story of a navy captain who was suddenly transferred to a nuclear submarine. While his crew was familiar with the ship's technical details, when the captain first arrived, he was not. Yet despite not being fully informed, he issued orders for the sailors to carry out. After ordering his crew to do something technically impossible and seeing that they still attempted to comply, he realized that his leadership model needed to change or everyone would be in danger. He pushed for leadership at every level of the submarine, allowing each person on board to be accountable for his or her own decisions. Following this, the vessel underwent a change for the better. Having had a reputation for its poor performance, low retention rate, and lack of morale, it began to win awards and numerous officers were promoted. This suggests that decentralizing the decision-making process and giving autonomy to employees in the workplace can lead to improvements overall.

22번 지문(문항 번호 43-45번)

A baker named Cora was famous for her exquisite cakes. People came from far and wide to buy them and were willing to pay high prices. This made Evelyn, a rival baker, jealous. Evelyn also had many customers, but she wanted her cakes to be as good as Cora's. She tried every possible combination of ingredients she could think of, but she just couldn't match Cora's talent. One day, Evelyn decided to visit Cora's bakery to discover her secret. As Evelyn looked at all the beautiful cakes on display there, she noticed a recipe book lying on the counter. Cora was nowhere to be seen, so Evelyn carefully reached for the book. However, just as she was about to open it, Cora appeared. “Hi, Evelyn. Are you looking for something?” Startled, she quickly withdrew her hands. Cora smiled and added, “I shouldn't be leaving this out, should I?” “No, you shouldn't. I was just looking at your cakes. I should get going now.” Evelyn left the bakery hastily, upset at not being fast enough. But Cora knew what had almost happened. She prepared a new recipe book filled with ingredients that would ruin any cake. She left this fake recipe book right on the counter. The next day, Evelyn came by again. She spotted the book immediately, quickly grabbing it and running away without Cora having turned around. Evelyn followed the recipes in the book, sure that business would soon improve. For the first few days, it did because her cakes looked exactly like Cora's. However, after people began to buy the cakes, a realization set in: They had an awful taste. It wasn't long until she lost all her customers. “I don't understand. I've been using the same ingredients as Cora! How could this have happened?” she said to herself, watching her customers, even the loyal ones, going to Cora's.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

No one is without value. A quote often attributed to British writer A. A. Milne, “Weeds are flowers too, once you get to know them,” highlights this sentiment perfectly. Think about how we view weeds in a flower bed. On the surface, they may lack the beauty of the flowers around them, and therefore, we fail to appreciate them. But even if their value is not obvious at first, it's there. Weeds can be hardy, resilient, and even beautiful in their own way. Just as weeds are seen as unwanted intruders in a garden, some people in our communities are overlooked or dismissed. However, those we might initially overlook often possess the same qualities, or even more remarkable ones. If we take the time to get to know them, we might find that they are beautiful in their own right.

① The passage opens with the claim that no one is without value.

② Weeds in a flower bed may seem to lack the beauty of the flowers around them.

③ Weeds can be hardy and resilient, and beautiful in a way of their own.

④ Some people in our communities are overlooked much as weeds are treated as intruders.

⑤ The worth of a weed is plain from the very first look, which is why it is valued.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 ”가치는 처음에는 드러나지 않지만, 알아가면 발견할 수 있다"는 것이다. 특히 잡초의 가치가 언제 인식되는지를 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다. 지문은 ”even if their value is not obvious at first, it’s there”라고 명시한다. 즉, 잡초의 가치는 "처음에는 분명하지 않다(not obvious at first)" — 첫눈에 드러나는 것이 아니라 알아가는 과정을 통해 비로소 발견되는 것이다. 따라서 잡초의 가치가 "처음 보자마자 분명하며(plain from the very first look)" 그래서 ”가치 있게 여겨진다(valued)”고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ⑤번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 잡초의 가치가 ”처음에는 분명하지 않다(not obvious at first)”고 서술하는 반면, ⑤번은 ”처음 보자마자 분명하다(plain from the very first look)”고 정반대로 서술했다. 지문의 핵심 메시지는 가치가 즉시 드러나는 것이 아니라 "알아가는 시간을 들여야(once you get to know them)" 발견된다는 것이다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 8회 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 8회의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

Dear Katherine Collins,

The LitFest Community is honored and delighted to invite you to our annual Book Fair. This event will take place on March 15 at the Pontiff Convention Center. This year, we will welcome a diverse group of participants, including bookstore owners, publishers, and renowned authors. The fair will feature an impressive collection of newly published books, as well as engaging readings by some of the authors and inspiring lectures by experts in the publishing industry. As an attendee, you will have the opportunity not only to meet your favorite authors but also to attend lectures on the latest trends in literature. We hope you can make it to this special event, and we are looking forward to welcoming you.

Regards, Lily Williams, LitFest Community Events Organizer

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

As the clock struck midnight, Josh was lying in bed in his small cabin. The only light came from a single, flickering candle that cast long shadows across the floor. The power had gone out hours earlier due to the storm. He tried to go to sleep, but every time the wind howled outside, the cabin creaked loudly. Then he heard it—a soft whisper. He sat up, frozen in his bed. “Am I imagining things?” he wondered. Then he heard it again, and this time he saw the old rocking chair on the other side of the room begin to move. Josh's heart raced, and he pulled the covers over his head. He knew he wasn't alone in the cabin.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

In many situations, you'll find yourself disagreeing with others about a topic or point of view. Sometimes, you'll feel compelled to express this disagreement. However, simply stating that you do not agree with their opinion or idea is not constructive. All it does is bring any chance of a meaningful dialogue or a resolution to a complete standstill. Instead, it's crucial not only to explain why you disagree but also to provide an alternative solution or perspective. By taking this approach, you invite others to consider your point of view and engage in logical thinking about the situation rather than simply reject your position outright.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

No one is without value. A quote often attributed to British writer A. A. Milne, “Weeds are flowers too, once you get to know them,” highlights this sentiment perfectly. Think about how we view weeds in a flower bed. On the surface, they may lack the beauty of the flowers around them, and therefore, we fail to appreciate them. But even if their value is not obvious at first, it's there. Weeds can be hardy, resilient, and even beautiful in their own way. Just as weeds are seen as unwanted intruders in a garden, some people in our communities are overlooked or dismissed. However, those we might initially overlook often possess the same qualities, or even more remarkable ones. If we take the time to get to know them, we might find that they are beautiful in their own right.

5번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

Whatever the situation, it can be dangerous to put too much confidence in your own understanding of the world as, whether you are aware of it or not, you have biases that stem from your personal background. It may be difficult to overcome these biases, but the first step is acknowledging that they exist. Perceiving the biases you have can lead to a deeper understanding of yourself and why you might possess certain attitudes toward others. It can also bring about a change in your behavior because you may question comments you might otherwise make or actions you might take. However, if you fail to recognize your biases, you risk making decisions that are not fully informed or that unfairly favor your own perspective over others. This lack of awareness can cause distrust, misunderstandings, and unethical behavior.

6번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

Seasonal eating is catching on among modern consumers, as more and more people choose to consume local foods that have recently been harvested. Produce picked at its peak contains the most nutrients. According to dietician nutritionist Kelsey Lorencz, leafy greens lose almost 50 percent of their original vitamin C after transport, storage, and three days of sitting on the grocery store shelf. But nutrition is not the only argument for adopting this eating practice. Some people make this choice out of concern for the planet. This is because opting for out-of-season fruits and vegetables—rather than fresh, locally sourced ones—requires transportation across long distances, which increases carbon emissions. Others turn to seasonal eating to support the local economy. By purchasing directly from farmers, they keep their money in the community, helping to strengthen local businesses and create jobs.

7번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

Challenging conventions can help us develop. Most people are reluctant to break anything they think of as a rule in their life, though, as they fear what will happen. And of course, there are consequences for our actions. Break the rules, and you may lose your job, get kicked out of school, or cause irreparable damage to your reputation. Going against the grain can complicate your life. Yet following rules without ever questioning them cannot be the best decision either. Often, rules are established based on situations that may become irrelevant at some point. Continuing to blindly accept them, even when you feel they are wrong, is like acknowledging that you have no desire for change. But when you put yourself at risk of any consequences you might face by defying an established norm, you step outside your comfort zone and open yourself up to new experiences. Progress has always come from those brave enough to challenge the existing order.

8번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

The panda plant, whose scientific name is Kalanchoe tomentosa, is a unique-looking succulent. It has a thick stem that supports dense, grayish-green leaves covered with velvety hairs. Each leaf is edged with dark brown spots, giving the plant an animal-like appearance. The plant is native to Madagascar, where it can grow to about three feet high. Its appearance makes it a popular houseplant. When it is kept indoors, it usually reaches only one or two feet because its growth is limited by the size of its container. When it blooms in its natural habitat, it produces small, yellow-green flowers at the tips of its branches during the summer. As an indoor plant, though, the panda plant rarely flowers.

9번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

In the 1950s, Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg developed an economic theory known as the life-cycle hypothesis. It suggests that borrowing money in one's youth and saving during one's peak earning years is a way for individuals to maintain consistent spending levels throughout their lives. The money saved during the years when individuals earn the most is then used to support them in retirement. The hypothesis describes a situation in which the relationship between income, savings, and spending is perfectly balanced. This balance is not always realistic, however, because the model fails to account for unexpected financial challenges. What happens if people earning a substantial amount of money in their peak years spend more of it than they should and suddenly lose their job? More likely than not, they will not be able to maintain the same spending level going forward.

10번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

In early human history, anxiety may have served as a crucial tool for social development. Around 40,000 years ago, early humans experienced incredible cultural and cognitive progress. They developed a more complex neural system that allowed for conscious emotions like anxiety, beyond the basic fear responses found in other mammals. During this period, human societies began to expand rapidly; simple family units became part of much larger communities. Living in the bigger groups required intense cooperation and mutual trust. Without these qualities, social rejection was a constant threat. The anxiety that came from fearing exclusion from the group strengthened social bonds and created behavioral norms. To gain access to shared resources, protection, and knowledge, individuals had to remain consistently aware of their community's expectations and standards.

11번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Sometimes, it is slow production that leads to a higher-quality product. The manufacturing industry has rushed to adopt fully automated production lines, believing that speed and efficiency are the only paths to success. But taking more time in production can actually boost profitability. Take artisanal food companies, for example. While cheap, mass-produced items flood the market, handcrafted products with careful attention to detail command premium prices. Workers can focus more on quality, creativity, and their own techniques, resulting in products that customers are willing to pay significantly more for. The ability to focus on their craft, which may become a tradition passed down for generations, can lead to an increase in employee satisfaction and product quality.

12번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

Researchers have argued that humans developed dance as a survival strategy. We are social beings, and our continued existence depended on forming alliances with others. Two groups of early humans could meet at territorial boundaries, each uncertain of the other's intentions. How could they signal peaceful purposes? What specific actions could show trustworthiness? By engaging in synchronized movement, the groups could communicate emotions and intentions without needing words. Coordinated dancing would have been nearly impossible to fake, making it a reliable signal of cooperation. The act of moving together to a rhythm could break down barriers and potentially even turn major differences into harmless competition. Collective security required cooperation, and this is where dance became essential.

13번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

One major misconception about productivity is that doing more tasks at once makes us more efficient. However, when you multitask, you inadvertently decrease your productivity because switching back and forth between tasks requires the brain to work harder to refocus each time. Research shows that doing this all day could possibly make you 40 percent less productive than if you had single-tasked. People who engage in one task at a time work without interruptions or distractions, so they are able to avoid exerting as much mental energy. It's not that we are incapable of handling multiple tasks, or that our brains lack the necessary capacity, but that we waste our cognitive resources by attempting to perform two or more tasks simultaneously.

14번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

A study at the American University in Dubai has demonstrated that we learn more effectively when we actively take part in constructing our own knowledge. The students involved in the study experienced a complete departure from traditional lecture-based instruction. Instead of passively receiving information from their instructors, the students actively engaged in hands-on activities, watched educational videos, visited galleries, and most importantly, had discussions amongst themselves in which they raised their own questions and ultimately found the answers themselves. The instructor's role was limited to providing minimal guidance and support when absolutely necessary. This method not only made learning more engaging for the students but also deepened their understanding of the material while helping them develop independent problem-solving abilities.

15번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

The law of reciprocity suggests that when someone does something for us, we feel compelled to return the favor. This principle was demonstrated through an experiment conducted by Professor Dennis Regan in 1971, known as the Coca-Cola experiment. First, each participant was left alone to observe paintings in a room where Regan's assistant Joe was having a telephone conversation. Joe was instructed to act either politely or rudely to the person on the other end of the line, creating different impressions among participants. During a break, Joe would leave the room and sometimes return with a Coca-Cola, offering it to the participant as a gesture of goodwill. Later, when Joe asked each participant to purchase raffle tickets, it was found that participants who had been given a soft drink bought twice as many raffle tickets as those who had not.

16번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Instead of treating others as you would like to be treated, try following the Platinum Rule: Treat others as they would like to be treated. While this rule sounds simple enough, we should know that everyone is different and that what is preferable for one person may not be for another. However, we often fail to demonstrate our awareness of this knowledge in practice, assuming that what is desirable for ourselves will also be desirable for others. That is to say, we may unconsciously impose our own values and beliefs on others, which can lead to misunderstandings, discomfort, and even conflict, especially when our values and beliefs are significantly different from theirs. To avoid such frustrating outcomes and build stronger connections, it is necessary to make a genuine effort to understand others' points of view without being judgmental or immediately responding with our own perspective.

17번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

In a study, researchers held a bake sale, displaying cupcakes on a table. However, the price of the cupcakes was not listed, so customers had to stop and ask how much they cost. Depending on the timing, they would get one of two responses to their question. Sometimes, the researchers were straightforward and said that the cupcakes were 75 cents each. Other times, they would say that the price of the cupcakes had been lowered from a dollar to 75 cents. When customers were simply told how much the cupcakes were with no mention of a change in price, a purchase was made less than half the time. In contrast, when customers believed the price had been reduced, over 70 percent of them made a purchase. There was no actual difference in price since both scenarios offered the cupcakes at 75 cents. The reason people purchased the cupcakes more frequently in the second case was that the perception of receiving a special deal strongly encourages spending.

18번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Numerous studies have shown that consuming dietary fiber can lead to various health benefits, including lower cholesterol levels and more stable blood sugar levels. The connection between consuming enough fiber each day and good digestive health is also well established. In fact, some experts recommend that adults get between 22 and 34 grams of fiber a day in order to have regular bowel movements. However, eating this much fiber to improve digestion can cause a number of unpleasant side effects. One study from 2022 showed that high-fiber foods can cause uncomfortable gas and bloating in some people. In addition, it was found that excessive fiber intake can prevent important vitamins and minerals from being absorbed, especially by people with conditions like Crohn's disease. The evidence suggests that the amount of fiber one eats should be tailored to one's specific health needs.

19번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

There are certain ways of recognizing employees that do more for morale than you might expect. For example, a marketing firm I used to work for had an entertaining way of celebrating employee achievements. The manager would bring out a large prize wheel, like the type you might see in a game show, whenever he wanted to reward someone. When we saw him drag the massive prop out of his office and ask the lucky staff member to give it a spin, everyone would stop what they were doing to watch. Despite the interruption, we couldn't help but laugh, and this created an amazingly positive atmosphere in the office. The excitement of having coworkers gather around and cheer you on made even the smallest form of recognition feel special. I still remember how eager everyone became to earn their turn at the prize wheel.

20번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Louis Deslauriers conducted a study at Harvard University to determine whether student participation in classroom activities led to enhanced learning. Students taking an introductory physics class were divided into two groups with different instructors. During each session, both groups learned the same subject matter, but one was taught using hands-on activities while the other listened to a traditional lecture. The instructional method for each group alternated from class to class for a period of several weeks. When the students were later tested, they scored higher on exam sections covering material that they had learned through active engagement. Surprisingly, this result did not match the students' expectations. Prior to the exam, they were asked which teaching style was more effective, and most felt they had acquired more knowledge from the lectures. This suggests that student perceptions of the learning process and actual outcomes do not always align.

21번 지문(문항 번호 41-42번)

When all decision-making is in the hands of executives, the entire organization can suffer. For one thing, it causes delays as approval from higher levels of management can take time. For another, executives are often out of touch with the day-to-day operations of the company. In fact, it is their employees on the front lines who possess practical knowledge of the business. When it's time to make a decision, they are the ones with the most valuable insights to offer. I remember the story of a navy captain who was suddenly transferred to a nuclear submarine. While his crew was familiar with the ship's technical details, when the captain first arrived, he was not. Yet despite not being fully informed, he issued orders for the sailors to carry out. After ordering his crew to do something technically impossible and seeing that they still attempted to comply, he realized that his leadership model needed to change or everyone would be in danger. He pushed for leadership at every level of the submarine, allowing each person on board to be accountable for his or her own decisions. Following this, the vessel underwent a change for the better. Having had a reputation for its poor performance, low retention rate, and lack of morale, it began to win awards and numerous officers were promoted. This suggests that decentralizing the decision-making process and giving autonomy to employees in the workplace can lead to improvements overall.

22번 지문(문항 번호 43-45번)

A baker named Cora was famous for her exquisite cakes. People came from far and wide to buy them and were willing to pay high prices. This made Evelyn, a rival baker, jealous. Evelyn also had many customers, but she wanted her cakes to be as good as Cora's. She tried every possible combination of ingredients she could think of, but she just couldn't match Cora's talent. One day, Evelyn decided to visit Cora's bakery to discover her secret. As Evelyn looked at all the beautiful cakes on display there, she noticed a recipe book lying on the counter. Cora was nowhere to be seen, so Evelyn carefully reached for the book. However, just as she was about to open it, Cora appeared. “Hi, Evelyn. Are you looking for something?” Startled, she quickly withdrew her hands. Cora smiled and added, “I shouldn't be leaving this out, should I?” “No, you shouldn't. I was just looking at your cakes. I should get going now.” Evelyn left the bakery hastily, upset at not being fast enough. But Cora knew what had almost happened. She prepared a new recipe book filled with ingredients that would ruin any cake. She left this fake recipe book right on the counter. The next day, Evelyn came by again. She spotted the book immediately, quickly grabbing it and running away without Cora having turned around. Evelyn followed the recipes in the book, sure that business would soon improve. For the first few days, it did because her cakes looked exactly like Cora's. However, after people began to buy the cakes, a realization set in: They had an awful taste. It wasn't long until she lost all her customers. “I don't understand. I've been using the same ingredients as Cora! How could this have happened?” she said to herself, watching her customers, even the loyal ones, going to Cora's.

한솔고 내신,

분당에서 '국어로 악명 높은 학교'입니다

한솔고 내신을 이야기할 때 빠지지 않는 평가가 있습니다. 분당 학군에서 국어 시험이 가장 어려운 학교로 꼽힌다는 것입니다. 분당 내신 데이터 분석에서도 한솔고는 평균도 낮고 표준편차도 낮은 학교로 분류된 바 있습니다. 시험이 까다롭게 출제되고, 그 어려운 시험을 비슷한 실력의 학생들이 촘촘하게 경쟁한다는 의미입니다.

그런데 이 난이도에는 이유가 있습니다. 한솔고는 독서교육을 학교 교육의 중심에 둔 학교이기 때문입니다. 독서교육은 창의적 체험활동 형태로 진행되며, 단순한 독해력 향상보다 사고력·판단력·비판력을 기르는 데 목표를 두고, 전문교사가 교과와 연계해 학생의 관심과 진로로 이어지도록 활동을 구성합니다. 이를 통해 길러진 표현력·발표력·글쓰기 능력이 논술과 수능, 구술면접에 도움이 된다는 것이 학교의 설명입니다.

읽고 생각하는 힘을 기르는 학교의 시험이 쉬울 리 없습니다. 외워서 푸는 문제가 아니라 읽고 판단해야 푸는 문제가 나온다는 뜻이고, 그래서 평소에 사고력을 훈련한 학생과 시험 범위만 외운 학생의 격차가 그대로 등급으로 드러납니다. 한솔고에서 국어가 어렵다는 말은 국어를 제대로 준비한 학생에게는 오히려 확실한 무기가 된다는 말과 같습니다.

학생부 관리 체계도 눈여겨볼 만합니다. 대표 프로그램인 꿈이룸상·꿈키움상은 1년에 네 번, 독서 감상문 제출과 오전 자기주도학습 또는 또래 학습멘토링 참여, 그리고 방과후교육활동 2강좌 이상이나 경기꿈의대학 참여라는 조건을 모두 충족해야 받을 수 있는 학교장 표창입니다. 참여율은 3학년 71%, 2학년 53%, 1학년 64%로, 전교생의 절반 이상이 이 사이클을 돌고 있다는 뜻입니다.

정리하면 한솔고 학생에게 필요한 것은 세 가지입니다. 사고력에 기반한 국어 실력, 어려운 시험에서도 흔들리지 않는 주요 과목 등급, 그리고 독서·멘토링·클러스터를 학생부 서사로 엮어내는 설계입니다.

국어 – 아라국어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/bundang_ara

아라국어학원은 분당에서 고등 국어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 국어 전문 학원입니다. '아라'는 바다를 뜻하는 순우리말입니다. 깊고 넓게 읽어내는 국어, 어떤 지문이 와도 감당할 수 있는 그릇을 키우는 국어를 지향한다는 뜻을 담고 있습니다.

한솔고에서 국어는 가장 어렵고, 그래서 가장 큰 차이를 만드는 과목입니다. 독서교육을 교육과정의 축으로 삼는 학교인 만큼 지문의 수준이 높고, 단순 암기로는 접근할 수 없는 문제가 출제됩니다. 문학·독서(비문학)·문법의 균형 잡힌 실력에 더해 근거를 짚어 읽는 훈련과 채점 기준을 정확히 맞춘 서술형 답안 작성이 필요합니다. 아라국어학원은 한솔고 출제 경향에 맞춰 전 영역을 체계적으로 지도하고, 서술형 답안 첨삭과 수능 국어 연계 커리큘럼을 함께 운영합니다.

영어 – 에이블영어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/lovelovedd24

에이블영어학원은 분당에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 영어 전문 학원입니다. '에이블(Able)'이라는 이름처럼 영어에서 무엇이든 할 수 있는 실력을 키우는 것을 지향합니다.

한솔고 영어 내신은 교과서 본문과 학교 부교재, 외부 지문까지 범위가 넓어 본문 암기만으로는 1등급 확보가 어렵습니다. 시험이 전반적으로 까다롭게 출제되는 학교 특성상 변형 문제 대응력과 서술형 영작의 정확도에서 등급이 갈립니다. 국어에 많은 시간을 투입해야 하는 구조라는 점을 감안하면, 영어는 효율적인 학습 설계가 특히 중요한 과목입니다. 수능 영어가 절대평가인 점을 활용해 내신 등급 확보와 수능 최저용 1~2등급 안정화를 하나의 학습으로 묶는 것이 유리합니다. 에이블영어학원은 한솔고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·구문·독해·본문 정밀 분석·서술형 영작을 단계별로 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 학교별 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 너를위한특별한수학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/smath4u

너를위한특별한수학학원은 분당에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '너를 위한 특별한 수학'이라는 이름 그대로, 모든 학생에게 같은 진도를 돌리는 대신 학생 개개인의 현재 실력과 목표에 맞춘 맞춤 설계를 지향합니다.

수학은 한솔고에서 등급 변별이 가장 크게 일어나는 과목입니다. 평균이 낮게 형성되고 학생 간 편차도 크지 않은 구조에서는 한 문항 차이로 여러 명의 등급이 한꺼번에 뒤바뀝니다. "조금만 더 하면 오를 것 같은데 등급이 안 움직인다"는 말이 나오는 전형적인 환경이며, 체감 난도가 아니라 기출 분석에 기반한 정확한 대비가 결과를 가릅니다. 고교학점제로 선택 과목이 갈리면 수강 인원이 줄어 한 문항의 무게는 더 커집니다. 너를위한특별한수학학원은 한솔고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 심화, 고난도 유형 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

과학 – 강태훈과학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/kthscience

강태훈과학학원은 분당에서 고등 과학 내신과 수능 과탐을 전문으로 지도하는 과학 전문 학원입니다. 강태훈 원장이 직접 수업을 설계하고 진행하는 원장 직강 체제로, 이름을 걸었으니 결과로 책임진다는 무게감이 강점입니다.

한솔고는 불곡고와 화학실험 클러스터를 함께 운영하고, 경기꿈의대학 거점교로서 학교에 없는 심화 과목까지 수강을 지원하는 학교입니다. 과학 분야로 진로를 잡은 학생이라면 활용할 수 있는 자원이 많다는 뜻이지만, 그 활동이 설득력 있는 기록으로 남으려면 내신 과학 성적이라는 토대가 먼저 서야 합니다. 개념이 탄탄한 학생의 탐구 보고서와 그렇지 않은 학생의 보고서는 평가자 눈에 전혀 다르게 읽힙니다. 강태훈과학학원은 단원별 핵심 개념 정리부터 한솔고 기출 분석, 서술형·탐구 실험 대비, 수능 과탐 연계까지 내실 있는 커리큘럼으로 진행합니다.

종합/입시 – 대치학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/dachi_sunae2

대치학원은 한솔고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. 대한민국 사교육의 기준점인 '대치동'의 이름을 그대로 내건 학원으로, 검증된 입시 커리큘럼과 관리 시스템을 분당에서 그대로 구현하는 것을 지향합니다.

한솔고는 학교 활동을 꼼꼼히 기록해 대학에서 경쟁력을 인정받은 수시에 강한 학교입니다. 그만큼 학생이 챙겨야 할 요소도 많습니다. 꿈이룸상·꿈키움상의 네 번 사이클, 또래 학습멘토링, 독서 활동, 클러스터 수강, 경기꿈의대학까지 — 이 모든 것이 학생부에 들어가지만, 나열된 활동과 하나의 서사로 꿰어진 활동은 평가에서 전혀 다르게 읽힙니다. 여기에 고교학점제 과목 선택과 수능 최저 충족 전략까지 더해지면 변수는 더 늘어납니다. 대치학원은 한솔고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 선택 과목 설계 상담, 수시 학생부·세특 관리, 면접 준비, 수능 대비 로드맵, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

한솔고 내신,

어려운 국어가 가장 확실한 무기가 되는 학교입니다

한솔고는 교문에 'why?'를 걸고 독서교육을 교육과정의 중심에 둔 분당의 수시 강자입니다. 서울대·연세대·고려대 합격자를 꾸준히 배출하고, 모든 활동을 세심히 기록해 대학에서 경쟁력을 인정받은 학교이기도 합니다. 그 교육 철학의 결과로 국어 시험은 분당에서 손꼽히게 어렵지만, 바로 그 때문에 제대로 준비한 학생에게는 가장 확실한 무기가 됩니다. 한솔고 출제 경향을 정확히 아는 과목별 전문 학원을 만나는 것이 그 출발점입니다.

더메이킹스에서 한솔고 맞춤 학원 목록을 확인해 보세요.

👉 학교별 맞춤 학원 찾기 – 더메이킹스

https://themakings.co.kr/157

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in recent years, with systems now capable of creating art, writing essays, and even coding complex programs. These tools have democratized creativity in many ways, allowing people without traditional training to express themselves artistically and complete tasks they couldn't before. Yet as AI becomes more sophisticated, questions arise about the nature of creativity itself. Some companies are now developing AI that can analyze a person's brain signals and generate art directly from their mental imagery. This technology could help those with physical limitations express themselves, but it also blurs the line between human and synthetic creativity. The possibilities are exciting, but if we venture into these uncharted waters, we might not be able to reverse course.

① AI has recently learned to create art, write essays, and code programs.

② AI tools have made creativity accessible to people without training.

③ Some companies are building AI that reads brain signals to generate art.

④ The writer is confident that any course we take could be easily reversed.

⑤ Brain-signal art technology could help people with physical limitations.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 AI 기술의 발전과 그에 따른 우려를 다루면서, 마지막 문장에서 이 기술적 진보의 되돌림 가능성에 대한 저자의 태도를 명확히 밝힌다.

지문은 ”if we venture into these uncharted waters, we might not be able to reverse course”라고 서술한다. 여기서 ”might not be able to(~하지 못할 수도 있다)”**는 되돌리는 것이 불가능할 수 있다는 우려를 표현한다. 저자는 이에 대해 확신이 아닌 경고의 어조를 취한다.

따라서 저자가 우리가 취하는 어떤 방향이든 ”쉽게 되돌릴 수 있다고 확신한다(is confident that any course could be easily reversed)”고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 저자의 우려와 확신의 방향 모두 정반대이다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 미지의 영역으로 들어서면 방향을 ”되돌리지 못할 수도 있다(might not be able to reverse)”고 우려를 표현하는 반면, ④번은 저자가 어떤 방향이든 ”쉽게 되돌릴 수 있다고 확신한다(confident... easily reversed)”고 확신 수준(우려 ↔ 확신)과 되돌림 가능성(불가능 ↔ 쉬움) 모두를 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 7회 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해 7회의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

Dear Valued Subscriber,

We appreciate your continued loyalty to FitGoals, our comprehensive fitness platform. To better serve our growing community, we'll be launching a new annual subscription package. You're now enrolled in our monthly plan at $10 per month. Beginning next month, you can upgrade to our annual subscription for just $80 per year. This new option provides the same complete access to all articles, workout videos, meal planners, and progress-tracking tools that you currently enjoy, but at a 33 percent discount compared to the monthly rate. You'll also receive personalized recommendations based on your progress data! Don't miss out—switch today!

Best regards, The FitGoals Team

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

Hailey was playing by herself in her room, something she was used to because of the lack of other children in the neighborhood. She felt deeply alone as she arranged her stuffed animals around a small table, wishing she had someone to play with. Then, she noticed a moving truck outside the window. Hailey glanced at it with little hope, assuming the new neighbors probably didn't have children either. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. She hurried downstairs and opened it. "Hi," said a girl about her age with a friendly smile, "I just moved in down the street. Would you like to play together?" Hailey's face immediately lit up at her good fortune.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

Many high-performing companies are filled with ambitious and intelligent people. However, such people are often accustomed to working independently, having succeeded through individual effort in the past. Unfortunately, when projects become complex and involve multiple team members, this individual-focused approach often leads to problems and doesn't work effectively in a business environment. Therefore, it would be better for employees to consistently provide updates and information to their coworkers. Doing so doesn't just benefit the company; it ensures that all workers are able to perform at optimal levels, and can prevent projects from being delayed due to miscommunication or mistakes.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable progress in recent years, with systems now capable of creating art, writing essays, and even coding complex programs. These tools have democratized creativity in many ways, allowing people without traditional training to express themselves artistically and complete tasks they couldn't before. Yet as AI becomes more sophisticated, questions arise about the nature of creativity itself. Some companies are now developing AI that can analyze a person's brain signals and generate art directly from their mental imagery. This technology could help those with physical limitations express themselves, but it also blurs the line between human and synthetic creativity. The possibilities are exciting, but if we venture into these uncharted waters, we might not be able to reverse course.

5번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

The language we encounter early in our education is often presented as a system of fixed rules and definitions that must be learned and followed. It is only through deeper linguistic study that we realize these language rules are actually derived from countless observations of speech patterns and written texts across different times and cultures. The practice of linguistics is less about compiling dictionaries and grammar books than it is about reducing the uncertainties in our understanding of how language functions. We can be more or less certain about different aspects of language—we have considerable confidence in the basic syntactic structures of modern languages, but our grasp of language evolution and the precise mechanisms of meaning-making remains incomplete despite centuries of scholarly investigation.

6번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

Every day, children engage in activities that reveal their natural storytelling abilities. Frequently, these activities focus on making up and sharing narratives about their own world. Thus, children create scenarios—"The doll is a doctor treating a patient, the car is racing to save the day, or the knight is battling the dragon for the princess." Children elaborate—"What happens next? Who will help? Where are they going?" Children revise and expand—"Let's change the ending. The dragon becomes friendly. Now everyone celebrates together." In all of these instances, children are developing narrative skills. Children explore and investigate storytelling concepts through their own activities or experiences, such as creating adventures during pretend play or organizing scenes to act out their favorite tales.

7번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

Only several decades ago, saying the word meme would draw utter confusion from most people. Today, memes appear in every corner of digital culture. They are a core part of online activity. They're not just on social media platforms but in online news, educational videos, business presentations, and entertainment content. Every major website is filled with memes, with users sharing them constantly. Memes shape public opinion and drive cultural trends. Memes spread ideas, create communities, and preserve moments. If every meme suddenly stopped spreading, it would be the end of Internet culture as we know it.

8번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Marine iguanas are lizards native to the Galápagos Islands that reach up to 1.5 meters in length. They are the only lizards categorized as marine reptiles, adapted to spend significant portions of their lives in the water. Their appearance varies depending on the specific island they're from, with differences in both coloration and the size and shape of the spines on their backs. Their dark, scaly skin and sharp claws give them a fearsome appearance, but they are actually herbivores—animals that feed exclusively on plants. The bulk of their diet consists of marine algae, which they obtain by diving as deep as 25 meters and remaining underwater for up to 60 minutes.

9번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

Despite economic downturns that forced many companies to cut costs aggressively, the demand for freelancers has grown dramatically in recent years. Companies now hire independent contractors over full-time employees more frequently, a strategy that they have adopted to reduce employee benefits and other fixed costs. This trend has created numerous opportunities for people to work independently. Freelancers in fields like graphic design, software development, and digital marketing have become increasingly willing to take jobs on a project-by-project basis, making them more suitable for the new dynamic. What initially seemed to threaten job security has paradoxically become a pathway to greater income potential for many independent workers. We now see this shift in nearly every industry, reflecting our society's growing emphasis on work-life balance and professional flexibility.

10번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

Have you ever felt like you don't deserve to be a part of the group you're in? Like you haven't earned your position and someone will eventually discover this? This feeling is known as impostor syndrome, and research suggests more than 70 percent of adults may experience it at least once. It is often linked to perfectionism, making us feel insecure and underestimate the quality of our work. We become defensive about any errors, fearing that mistakes will expose us as frauds. Unfortunately, as we reject feedback, which prevents us from learning and improving, progress can be inhibited, causing the defense mechanism to become self-reinforcing. The best way to overcome impostor syndrome is by focusing on comparing your current abilities and accomplishments to those of your past self, rather than comparing yourself to others. By doing so, the fact that you are more capable than before will become evident, reminding you of your progress.

11번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Many organizations are confronted with problem-solving sessions that become stalled due to conventional thinking patterns and repetitive approaches. When teams face complex challenges, they often find themselves pursuing familiar solutions that no longer work effectively. But research suggests that one of the most effective methods for breaking through these issues is deliberately exploring ways to make problems worse rather than trying to solve them. For example, instead of asking "How can we improve customer satisfaction?" teams ask "How could we make customers more frustrated?" This approach requires participants to resist their natural instincts to find immediate solutions, embrace seemingly destructive ideas, and focus on negative outcomes rather than positive ones. Such a reversal forces participants to examine problems from completely different angles, revealing overlooked solutions and hidden assumptions that might be holding them back.

12번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

The income effect describes how changes in consumer income levels influence demand for goods and services. Typically, with normal goods, as income increases, demand for these goods increases, and as income decreases, demand falls accordingly. Inferior goods are a unique category of products for which this conventional income effect does not apply. Consumers demand more inferior goods when their income drops and fewer of them when their income rises. As an example, instant ramen in South Korea is considered an inferior good because people tend to purchase more of it when their income is low. The reason for this is that people have less money to spend on better alternatives like restaurant meals or premium food products. On the other hand, when their income increases, people opt for more expensive options.

13번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

A 2006 study conducted by Michael Meaney at McGill University provided a biological explanation for a phenomenon first observed 39 years earlier. In 1967, researchers found that rat pups that were gently stroked for the first seven days of their life were better able to regulate stress as adults than those that were not. It was not clear, however, why this early experience would have such lasting effects. Meaney's study revealed the surprising answer: the stroking activated specific genes in the pups' brains that controlled stress responses. The researchers also discovered that this early physical stimulation changed how the genes functioned without altering the genetic code itself. The genes themselves remained unchanged, but their activity patterns were modified by an external force. This was compelling evidence that genes are activated or deactivated based on environmental conditions.

14번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

Researchers are studying why climate action programs often fail to achieve their goals. Many communities have detailed climate plans and clear scientific evidence about rising temperatures and sea levels. Some organizations even have dedicated funding and staff for climate initiatives. But it's a rare community that is actually implementing effective long-term solutions. One reason we've failed to act decisively on climate change is the widespread belief that the consequences are far away. This tendency is explained by what experts call temporal discounting—the human habit of valuing immediate benefits more than future ones. Even when people understand that climate change will cause serious problems, they struggle to make sacrifices for benefits that won't be visible for years or even decades. This psychological barrier affects both individual choices and policy decisions at every level.

15번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Art plays an important role in society by challenging social norms and presenting people with new ways to think about relevant issues. Art can give a voice to people who are marginalized by mainstream society and help their messages reach a wider audience. It allows artists to express their concerns and criticisms about current social problems or government policies through creative media. By engaging with these artworks, viewers can explore these topics and develop a deeper understanding of them. In this way, the art world serves as a vital forum where people can question dominant ideas and work together to find solutions to social problems.

16번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Ms. Patel, the second-grade art teacher, instructed her students to draw the thing they wanted most in the world. Most kids drew what she expected: pets, toys, and video games. But Mia drew something different. Mia was a quiet girl who usually kept to herself and rarely chatted with her classmates. What she drew was a table filled with food and four people around it. But what did it represent? Her drawing immediately caught the attention of many of her classmates. So everyone began to guess what the drawing was about. “It must be a big birthday party,” said one student. “Maybe she wants to try various foods from around the world,” suggested another. “I think she just likes cooking,” added a third student. The class was so engaged in their discussion that Ms. Patel had almost forgotten about Mia. After she had the other students present their drawings, she asked Mia what she had drawn. “My brother is away at college, and my parents work late every day,” she answered, “I just want us to eat dinner together as a family again.”

17번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

The Santa Claus story comes from European traditions, but today Santa is a popular figure adored by children everywhere. However, a researcher used some simple math to show why this beloved character can’t actually exist. Mathematician Hugo Castillo Sánchez analyzed the myth in 2016. He started by examining the global population data and found that the number of children aged 0 to 14 years was around two billion worldwide. As Santa Claus only handles children who are Christian, the population should be reduced to about 30 percent of the total, which equals 600 million. With approximately three children living in each house on average, Santa Claus has to visit 200 million houses around the globe. Also, Santa must complete his entire journey within 31 hours, which is how long Christmas Day lasts across all the different time zones. As he needs to visit 200 million different places, he has less than 0.001 seconds to stop by each house and distribute his presents. Can anyone accomplish all these tasks? No, it’s impossible!

18번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Elasticity is the ability of materials to resist deformation and return to their original shape after the applied force is removed. For example, when you stretch a rubber band, it becomes longer but then tries to return to its original length. Elastic materials have this property because they exert a restoring force. The amount of elastic force depends on the material properties and the degree of deformation. The more you deform an elastic object, the stronger the restoring force it exerts to return to its original position. When deformed, elastic materials convert the applied force into stored potential energy. For example, when you compress a spring, it stores energy and pushes back. This stored energy makes elasticity useful because it allows elastic materials to power various devices and mechanisms. When you pull back a slingshot, elasticity builds up energy within the rubber band, acting to propel the projectile forward when released.

19번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Genetic and developmental issues in the brain can result in dyslexia, a condition that affects how people process written language. People with dyslexia often struggle with connecting visual symbols to their corresponding sounds, which makes reading new words particularly challenging. Typical readers will naturally break down unfamiliar words by recognizing letter patterns and converting them into sounds. But dyslexic readers will struggle to remember the sounds represented by individual letters and have difficulty breaking down such words. This neurological difference presents challenges in terms of traditional reading instruction and necessitates the use of specialized teaching methods. Modern educational approaches help dyslexic learners by emphasizing multi-sensory learning techniques and assistive technologies that cater to their different learning styles. Despite their difficulties, many individuals with dyslexia can develop effective reading skills through persistent practice and appropriate support.

20번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

Traditional education has long followed a standard instructional sequence of first delivering content knowledge through lectures and then providing opportunities for problem-solving through practice and assignments. However, a recent meta-analysis of 53 studies has challenged this model’s effectiveness, advocating instead for reversing the instructional sequence. This approach involves deliberately presenting students with problems they cannot initially solve, allowing them to produce suboptimal or incorrect solutions before receiving proper instruction. The failure experience serves multiple purposes: it increases attention and engagement in learning, creates awareness of knowledge gaps, and makes students more receptive to subsequent instruction. Moreover, this learning process, where problem-solving precedes instruction, makes students more likely to retain information. Finally, carefully designed failure-based instruction can have nearly twice the learning effect of traditional teaching methods.

21번 지문(문항 번호 41-42번)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with roughly one in seven people in the US being affected by it. The UK's National Health Service (NHS) recommends that everyone maintain proper hydration in order to reduce the risk of developing CKD or to slow its progression upon diagnosis. According to NHS, optimal hydration levels are typically maintained by drinking six to eight glasses of water each day. This can help the kidneys function appropriately, filtering out waste products and preventing the accumulation of additional toxins elsewhere in the body. However, it is important to note that the recommendation is not to consume a set amount of fluid but "to stay properly hydrated," as the specific fluid amount required will vary among individuals. For instance, sweating due to exercise or climate can increase the quantity of fluids needed. Similarly, if your residence is particularly warm or in a dry environment, a larger amount of fluid may be needed. However, if you have certain medical conditions or have already begun dialysis, you may need to limit fluid intake. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to determine your individual hydration needs, especially if you have existing health conditions that may affect your fluid requirements.

22번 지문(문항 번호 43-45번)

One day, a farmer was transporting a variety of fruits and vegetables to sell. Boxes full of carrots, onions, apples, and radishes were piled high on the back of his cart, pulled along the path by his donkey. As he traveled, he passed a young boy selling hand-carved wooden boxes and gave him a friendly nod. The path was long, but the farmer expected to reach the town market before dark. However, the road soon became rougher, with the wheels struggling to turn, making it seem like his plan wouldn't come true after all. His progress came to a halt, with the donkey unable to move any further. The farmer jumped off the driver's seat to check the cart for damage. As he landed, he felt his feet sink deep into the ground. Looking down, he saw that he was ankle-deep in mud, and so were the cart's wheels. Realizing that he could go no further until the cart was removed from the mud, he began to push it frantically and urge the donkey forward. When his efforts failed, the farmer started waving and yelling to attract attention. Soon, many people gathered to help, including the local carpenter, blacksmith, and baker, all working together to pull out the cart. He watched them anxiously, worrying that they would be unable to move it in time. His fears were beginning to be realized, as time was running out to reach the evening market. Just then, the boy he had passed earlier approached and asked for a chance to help. This drew laughter from the crowd, but he nodded hopefully. The boy began removing the heavy boxes from the back of the cart, reducing the weight significantly. Then he gently led the donkey out of the mud. The farmer thanked him and pressed a few coins into his hand in gratitude.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

A magnificent ship sits in the harbor, perfectly designed and equipped for ocean voyages. Yet while tied to the dock, this vessel, no matter how perfectly designed, is not fulfilling its role. Its true essence lies not in its impressive exterior, but in its journey across the open sea—the very purpose it was built for. In the same way, countless brilliant ideas exist in our world. Just as sailing ships do not realize their value until they venture out onto the ocean, these ideas do not hold much value until they are made into reality. A good idea cannot serve its purpose of improving the world until it is actualized. Developing a detailed plan to transform the idea into reality and following through is necessary. Otherwise, the idea will remain in the harbor.

① A ship tied to the dock is not fulfilling its intended role.

② Ships realize their value only after they venture out onto the ocean.

③ The ship in the harbor is poorly designed and badly equipped.

④ A good idea cannot improve the world until it is actualized.

⑤ Without taking action, an idea simply stays "in the harbor."

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 항구의 배를 실현되지 않은 아이디어에 비유하면서, 행동의 중요성을 강조한다. 특히 항구에 있는 배의 설계 및 장비 상태를 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 이 배에 대해 ”perfectly designed and equipped for ocean voyages”라고 명시한다. 즉, 배는 "완벽하게 설계되고 장비를 갖추었다(perfectly designed and equipped)" — 설계나 장비에 문제가 있는 것이 아니다. 문제는 설계가 아니라 부두에 묶여 있어 행동하지 않는다는 것이다.

따라서 항구의 배가 ”형편없이 설계되고 장비가 부실하다(poorly designed and badly equipped)”고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ③번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 항구의 배가 ”완벽하게 설계되고 장비를 갖추었다(perfectly designed and equipped**고 서술하는 반면, ③번은 ”형편없이 설계되고 장비가 부실하다(poorly designed and badly equipped)”고 정반대로 서술했다. 지문의 요점은 설계의 문제가 아니라, 완벽한 설계에도 불구하고 행동하지 않으면 무의미하다는 것이다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회 기본 직독직해

6회 변형 문제는 총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 능수능란 직독직해 영어 12회

기본 직독직해 6회의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 18번)

Dear Professor Williams,

My name is Eve Thompson, and I'm the Events Coordinator at the City Museum of Craft Arts. We are organizing a handicraft workshop for families with children, and it is scheduled to take place from May 13 to May 15. We are looking for individuals to teach attendees how to make simple crafts from everyday materials, such as paper and beads. I am contacting you to ask you to recommend some students from the arts department at your college who you think would be suitable for this role. With their assistance, I'm confident that the participants will have an enriching creative experience. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely, Eve Thompson

2번 지문(문항 번호 19번)

It was the day of the competition. Ben had been riding his horse, Dancer, every day for over a year, so he thought this would be as easy as pie. "I'm going to win. I've spent so much time riding Dancer," he said to himself. As the competition began, Dancer started to sprint over the course, and Ben tightened his grip. But everything turned out to be different from what he had expected. The course was filled with sharp turns and obstacles that Dancer had never encountered before. At the first jump, Dancer stumbled on a stone, causing Ben to lose his balance. This made Ben desperately grab onto Dancer's neck. Ben's goal wasn't about winning the competition anymore. He just hoped to finish the race safely.

3번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

As parents, we all want our children to grow up to be happy and well-adjusted adults. For this to happen, they need our instruction and guidance. At the same time, however, they need to be given opportunities to interact with the world on their own terms. We must offer them discipline and a feeling of safety, while also promoting their independence and self-confidence. But remember that children should be neither overly protected nor left in neglect. Flexibility in parenting is key to the successful growth of our children. Try to find the right balance between providing guidance and freedom. By allowing them to make their own choices and solve problems, we encourage their independence. But we should also teach them that it is their responsibility to accept the consequences of their choices and actions.

4번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

A magnificent ship sits in the harbor, perfectly designed and equipped for ocean voyages. Yet while tied to the dock, this vessel, no matter how perfectly designed, is not fulfilling its role. Its true essence lies not in its impressive exterior, but in its journey across the open sea—the very purpose it was built for. In the same way, countless brilliant ideas exist in our world. Just as sailing ships do not realize their value until they venture out onto the ocean, these ideas do not hold much value until they are made into reality. A good idea cannot serve its purpose of improving the world until it is actualized. Developing a detailed plan to transform the idea into reality and following through is necessary. Otherwise, the idea will remain in the harbor.

5번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

We are in constant competition in the business world. Yet we rarely consider how we should compete. We just assume that a fierce, winner-take-all approach is best. However, it often involves exploitative practices that may cause harm to our competitors and customers alike. While this business style can result in short-term gains, it ultimately damages our long-term prospects because our reputation and relationships begin to suffer. Fortunately, there is a better way of doing business. We need to establish fair competition standards that allow all companies in a market to compete based solely on the quality and price of their products, as well as the level of service they provide. Doing so eliminates unfair advantages, promotes greater efficiency and innovation, and creates a more secure environment for businesses to thrive.

6번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

A culture where the needs of the individual are prioritized over those of the group encourages diversity. This type of culture openly provides support for different backgrounds and lifestyles. Such openness can be beneficial up to a certain point. But it also weakens the social bonds that create a sense of collectivity, leading to a lack of social cohesion. In addition, individualism can influence how people perceive themselves in society. Because self-expression is encouraged, many people feel more comfortable sharing their viewpoints, and consequently, many voices are heard. On the other hand, an emphasis on focusing on and expressing oneself can result in less empathy for others, reducing the likelihood of offering help to those in need. In extreme cases, social conflict can develop, with individuals disregarding the value of others' opinions and thinking of themselves as above the collective good.

7번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

We commonly think of human evolution as a response to external triggers. But in some cases, we have driven this process ourselves. For example, modern humans share a number of characteristics associated with the process of domestication, including reduced aggression and greater social tolerance, as well as physical traits such as smaller, flatter faces compared to our relatives in the wild. It is surmised that at some point in the distant past, groups of people began selecting and rejecting members based on their ability to coexist peacefully and collaborate effectively. Being agreeable and cooperative became an evolutionary advantage, increasing reproductive success. Corresponding physiological adaptations also occurred, with the transition to less prominent jaws and smaller brow ridges being the most obvious. In effect, the preference for altruism and sociality may have led our species to domesticate itself in a manner loosely comparable to how we transformed wolves into dogs.

8번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Bill Withers, an American singer and songwriter, was born in West Virginia in 1938. He showed talent for singing from childhood. His father passed away during his youth, and he joined the navy at the age of 17. After serving for nine years, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a music career. To support himself, he worked a full-time job while trying to record his songs. He sent many recordings to music labels, but for a long time, no one was interested. In 1970, however, a music executive named Clarence Avant recognized his talent and introduced him to the leader of a famous R&B group, who agreed to produce Withers' first album. This marked the beginning of his successful music career. From 1971 to 1987, he was nominated for nine Grammy Awards and won three. Withers became widely respected for his unique voice and timeless songs.

9번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

There is a reason the idiom backseat driver continues to be so widely used. Anyone who drives a car has probably received unsolicited advice from passengers who believe that they can navigate the roads more effectively than the actual driver. Unfortunately, this happens in the workplace as well. Some professionals with specialized skills and knowledge find themselves being provided with feedback and even instructions from uninformed clients and customers. Chefs working in fine dining typically have years of experience in their field. Nevertheless, they often deal with customers—whose knowledge of the culinary arts is based entirely on watching cooking shows—telling them how to improve their dishes. This demonstrates a fundamental lack of respect for the profession as very few would try to tell a dentist how to fill a cavity or a pilot how to fly an aircraft. Yet many people feel comfortable providing pointers on how dishes should be prepared.

10번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

While it can be hard for adults to manage their emotions, it is particularly challenging for young children. They quickly change from being happy to sad or angry when something unpleasant happens, even if the problem they face is not that severe. In particular, children between the ages of three and six struggle to control their emotions. At this age, children have limited life experience and cognitive maturity. Thus, it is difficult for them to understand and respond to circumstances appropriately. They have a tendency to engage in “all-or-nothing thinking,” which involves viewing every experience as either extremely positive or negative. It is therefore important to help them recognize their feelings and identify which responses are appropriate in different situations. They should also learn simple coping techniques, such as taking a deep calming breath in a situation that creates stress or frustration. When children develop these skills, they will become much better at emotional regulation, which is an important step in their growth.

11번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

These days, many people are genuinely concerned about the welfare of animals. They are taught that all life matters, so they believe that animals should be respected. Yet this conviction fades as soon as they smell a steak grilling on a barbecue. These sincere animal advocates are still willing to eat meat on a regular basis. Their behavior is driven more by their natural tendency for consistency than by personal ethics. They not only think their individual actions won't make much difference but also tend to maintain deeply ingrained habits. If they truly hold principles, especially morally significant ones, shouldn't their lifestyle reflect them? Unfortunately, most people reject this idea and instead stick to their familiar routines. People prefer to maintain what feels comfortable rather than make changes that align with their stated beliefs, even when they recognize the contradiction in their actions.

12번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

The French philosopher Albert Camus once stated, “Man is the only creature that refuses to be what he is.” People, Camus argued, have a unique ability to put aside their innate desires and qualities, which results in an inclination to engage in self-deception. This type of behavior has become increasingly apparent with the rise of social media technologies, for the online personas we create are seldom accurate representations of ourselves. Instead, we take our cues from trends in popular culture to create elaborate facades to hide behind. In doing so, we focus not on expressing ourselves but on managing our image to make good impressions. We ask questions like “How will people see me?” and “Will others view me positively?” and then make changes to our online identities to increase our status and popularity. Through this process, we begin to define ourselves based on the expectations of others, believing that what we have created for their approval is an accurate reflection of our true nature.

13번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

What determines how we perceive artistic excellence? Research in social psychology suggests that presentation in an appropriate setting is a key to appreciating artistic performance. This is demonstrated by an experiment involving Joshua Bell, a world-renowned violinist. Wearing a baseball cap and a T-shirt, he performed several pieces of classical music at the entrance to a subway station. As the music would carry well in that location, he was expected to attract much attention. Despite his talent, out of the 1,097 people who passed by, only seven actually stopped to listen. There were no signs to indicate his fame, so people dismissed Bell as just another busker in the subway station, assuming his music wasn't worth their time. However, if they had purchased expensive tickets to see him play in a concert hall, they would have been primed to enjoy his music. In other words, the context where art is experienced changes our expectations of it. It is also a reminder that the musical talent of a number of buskers and informal performers may go unrecognized.

14번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

The term ambition is typically associated with achieving what you want, especially in your career—ambitious workers demonstrate exceptional dedication by working long hours and constantly seeking new challenges to advance their professional standing. Ambition can also serve as motivation to pursue personal ventures, from smaller goals like losing weight to bigger ones like traveling the world. Many view ambition as essential for providing purpose and direction in life. Therefore, an ambitious life can be filled with joyful accomplishments, which may eventually provide a higher quality of life. However, a problem occurs when it becomes the sole measure of your value. Setting up unrealistically high goals often leads to frustration and a sense of personal failure; people begin to evaluate themselves entirely based on whether they achieve their ambitious goals. In this case, success can mean fulfilling these goals, but anything less than that can mean failure.

15번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

The human body needs to stay at 37 degrees Celsius to function properly. Therefore, when the body is exposed to cold temperatures, various systems work together to maintain a stable temperature and adapt to cold conditions. While shivering may not seem to help the body warm up, it is one of the key protective mechanisms that allows muscles to produce extra heat. In addition, the cold narrows blood vessels in the skin, which causes more blood to be transported to vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. As a smaller amount of warm blood flows to the skin, the outer parts of the body like the ears and the fingers become cold more rapidly than other body parts. Leaving the face and hands in the cold without protection makes us more susceptible to cold-related diseases, so additional items of clothing like gloves or scarves are needed.

16번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

There is an old joke that asks, "What is a diamond?" The answer is, "A piece of coal that did well under pressure." So, what is a star? It is simply a massive cloud of dust and gas that collapsed under pressure. This caused the material at the center of the cloud to heat up until nuclear fusion occurred. When multiple stars form very close to each other, their gravitational fields become linked, creating a star system. Astronomers classify star systems based on the number of stars they contain. A binary star system includes two stars, and how the stars move in relation to each other depends on their masses. Two stars orbit the same point if they have similar masses, while one star orbits the other if they have a significant difference in mass. In multiple star systems, however, which include three or more stars, the situation becomes even more complicated. This is because the gravitational forces of these stars interact with one another, making the orbits different and erratic.

17번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

If you toss a stone into a pond, you will see a series of small waves that expand in circles around the impact point. These circular waves occur because water is in a liquid state. If you throw a stone onto a frozen surface, waves will not form—the molecules in ice are locked tightly together and therefore can't move. However, the bonds between molecules in a liquid are weak, so the molecules in liquid water can move quite freely. The thrown stone transfers energy to water molecules and makes them move up and down. When these molecules move, they push nearby molecules, causing them to move up and down as well. All these vertical movements create wave circles spreading out from where the stone hit the water. During this process, the energy from the stone gets used up, which makes the wave circles gradually diminish.

18번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

In recent years, many companies have abandoned the requirement of adhering to a fixed schedule in favor of more flexible systems. However, workers have shown mixed responses to these initiatives affecting their working hours. Some employees appreciate having more control over their schedules as it allows for greater involvement in the lives of their family members. For instance, these individuals can adjust their working times to participate in activities that are important to their children, such as school performances and athletic competitions. They also find it easier to care for a sick child and to deal with other such emergencies when they can choose when to go into the office. Work-life balance greatly improves for these individuals as they can personalize their daily schedules according to their needs. Other workers feel that working at different hours limits communication in the workplace. Arranging face-to-face meetings becomes more challenging, and email communication increases, even for matters that could be resolved quickly in person.

19번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

A "substitute good" is a product that can be used as a replacement for another product with similar functions and characteristics. For instance, green tea is an adequate substitute for coffee in providing caffeine, and one brand of soda is almost interchangeable with another in terms of taste. Normally, when the price of a product increases, demand for it tends to decrease. If the prices of other products remain unchanged, consumers will find substitute goods more appealing. Some products can be used exactly the same as their counterparts—users rarely notice differences between them, such as margarine and butter in cooking. However, not all substitute products are perfect replacements, as consumers may have strong preferences that limit substitutability. Although coffee and tea both provide caffeine, some people are so committed to their morning coffee ritual that they would rather pay higher prices than switch to tea.

20번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

We often look down on those who make clumsy mistakes. Studies have shown that when we see someone slip up—such as tripping on a step or dropping a phone—our opinion of that person is lowered. Nevertheless, there is one context in which this rule doesn't apply. An experiment conducted at the University of Minnesota examined whether the perceived ability of the person making the mistake affected others' judgment. The researchers discovered that when highly competent, accomplished people spilled a cup of coffee on themselves, people liked them better, compared to when they didn't make any mistakes. But when people of average ability did the same thing, their mistakes were viewed more negatively. Another study found that this phenomenon applies in job interviews. When well-qualified applicants admit to past mistakes, it can make them more attractive to interviewers. These findings suggest that errors humanize highly capable individuals, making them more likable to others.

21번 지문(문항 번호 41-42번)

While online shopping is commonly presented as an environmentally friendly option, this claim may be overstated. It is true that carbon emissions are low when only the initial delivery is considered. In fact, delivering goods purchased via the Internet results in an average of just 375 grams of carbon entering the atmosphere compared to up to 3,300 grams when shoppers visit stores in person. This is because an online retailer can use a single truck for multiple customers. For example, a delivery person in a US urban area may serve 200 to 300 customers each day, none of whom need to drive to make their purchases. Yet when the online shopping experience is examined as a whole, it becomes apparent that significantly more carbon is being emitted. An important factor in terms of the environmental impact of online shopping is product returns. Depending on product type, up to 40 percent of items ordered online are sent back for a refund, compared to just 8 to 10 percent of those purchased at traditional stores. While online retailers typically have highly efficient delivery routes, the product-return process tends to be haphazard. Delivery drivers must travel longer distances to pick up packages from scattered locations, which can greatly increase the total amount of carbon emissions. While there can be little doubt that online shopping has environmental benefits, these are diminished by the frequency with which merchandise is returned.

22번 지문(문항 번호 43-45번)

One day, the owner of a popular restaurant realized that he was getting too old to run his business. He decided to appoint one of his employees as manager so that he could relax and enjoy his retirement. Having called all his staff together, he announced that one of them would be chosen for the role. Hearing this, several of the senior employees at his restaurant met privately with him. They all talked about why they were a better choice for the role than their colleagues. But at the end of each meeting, the owner said, "Sorry, but you are not the person I am looking for." He then added, "The person who runs my restaurant must be qualified." After the final meeting, he began observing the rest of the staff to see if there were other potential candidates. A junior chef who had worked at the restaurant for several months caught the owner's eye. After a few days of watching him, the owner asked, "Would you like to manage my restaurant?" Caught off guard by the offer, the chef replied, "But I am not as experienced as the other staff." "Why do you feel that I am suitable for a management role?" The owner smiled and explained, "You are always looking for ways to assist your coworkers, even though this creates more work for you." He added, "Everyone must work together as a team and help each other for a business to succeed, and you seem to understand this." When the chef still looked doubtful, he looked him in the eye and said, "Trust me." "You are the most qualified to run my restaurant."

영어 – EM에듀학원

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EM에듀학원은 성남에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 영어 전문 학원입니다. 'EM'은 English Mastery, 즉 영어를 '아는 수준'에서 '다루는 수준'으로 끌어올린다는 의미를 담고 있습니다.

과학중점 과정 학생일수록 영어에 쓸 수 있는 시간이 제한됩니다. 수학·과학 이수 단위가 큰 만큼 학습 시간의 상당 부분이 그쪽으로 배분되기 때문입니다. 그래서 풍생고 학생에게 영어는 '효율'이 전부인 과목입니다. 교과서 본문 암기에 시간을 다 쓰는 대신 변형 문제 대응력과 서술형 영작 정확도에 집중해야 하고, 수능 영어가 절대평가인 점을 활용해 내신 등급 확보와 수능 최저용 1~2등급 안정화를 하나의 학습으로 묶는 것이 유리합니다. EM에듀학원은 풍생고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·구문·독해·본문 정밀 분석·서술형 영작을 단계별로 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 학교별 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 신수학학원

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신수학학원은 성남에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '신수학'이라는 이름에는 새로운(新) 방식으로 가르치고, 믿을 수 있는(信) 결과로 증명한다는 두 가지 의미가 함께 담겨 있습니다.

과학중점학교에서 수학은 말 그대로 중심축입니다. 이수 단위가 가장 크고, 심화 과목까지 이어지며, 과학 과목의 이해도까지 좌우하기 때문입니다. 수학이 흔들리면 물리학과 화학이 함께 흔들리는 연쇄가 일어나고, 그 결과가 내신 평균 전체에 반영됩니다. 반대로 수학에서 자리를 잡으면 과학중점 과정의 모든 이점이 그대로 살아납니다. 신수학학원은 풍생고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 정리, 고난도 유형 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

과학 – 플랜지과학학원

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플랜지과학학원은 고등 과학 내신과 수능 과탐을 전문으로 지도하는 과학 전문 학원입니다. '플랜지(Flange)'는 두 개의 배관이나 부품을 단단히 이어 붙이는 연결 부품을 뜻하는 말로, 흩어진 개념과 실제 문제를 빈틈없이 연결해주겠다는 교육 철학을 담고 있습니다.

풍생고는 과학중점학교로 물리학·화학·생명과학·지구과학을 폭넓게 이수하고 과학과제연구 같은 전문교과까지 운영하는 학교입니다. 다른 학교 학생이 두 과목을 공부할 때 풍생고 과학중점 학생은 네 과목을 감당해야 하는 구조이고, 그만큼 과목별 개념을 효율적으로 정리해주는 전문 지도가 중요합니다. 심화 과목 이수 경력과 탐구 활동이 학생부에서 빛을 발하려면 내신 과학 성적이라는 토대가 먼저 서야 한다는 점도 같습니다. 플랜지과학학원은 단원별 핵심 개념 정리부터 풍생고 기출 분석, 서술형·탐구 실험 대비, 수능 과탐 연계까지 내실 있는 커리큘럼으로 진행합니다.

종합/입시 – 서일학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/myungmun_seoil

서일학원은 풍생고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. '서일(瑞一)'은 상서로운 첫걸음이라는 뜻으로, 학생 한 명 한 명이 자기 인생의 첫 성취를 이곳에서 만들어가길 바라는 마음을 담고 있습니다. 성남 지역에서 명문 진학 노하우를 쌓아온 학원입니다.

풍생고 입시의 가장 중요한 분기점은 과학중점 과정을 선택할 것인가입니다. 선택하면 이공계 학생부종합전형에서 강력한 무기를 얻지만 수학·과학 부담이 커지고, 선택하지 않으면 부담은 줄지만 이공계 전공 적합성을 다른 방식으로 증명해야 합니다. 이 결정은 고1 때 내려야 하고, 그 이후의 학생부 서사와 수능 과목 선택, 지원 전형까지 모두 여기서 갈립니다. 여기에 유네스코학교 활동과 동아리 경험을 어떻게 엮을지, 수능 최저를 어느 과목으로 맞출지까지 하나의 설계로 묶여야 합니다. 서일학원은 풍생고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 과정·과목 선택 상담, 수시 학생부 관리, 수능 최저 대비 로드맵, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

풍생고 내신,

과학중점의 이점을 온전히 가져가는 설계가 핵심입니다

풍생고는 1974년 개교해 50년 넘게 성남을 지켜온 사립 명문이자, 과학중점학교와 유네스코학교라는 두 개의 색을 함께 가진 학교입니다. 수학·과학 이수 단위가 큰 구조는 이공계 진로 학생에게 분명한 강점이지만, 동시에 그 과목들에서 등급이 밀리면 만회가 어려운 구조이기도 합니다. 과학중점의 이점을 온전히 가져가려면 수학·과학에서 먼저 자리를 잡아야 합니다. 풍생고 출제 경향을 정확히 아는 과목별 전문 학원을 만나는 것이 그 출발점입니다.

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