고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

As nature without human intervention, wilderness does not need nature conservation. When an active nature conservationist raves about wilderness, he must be aware that he is pulling the rug from under his own feet, because for nature conservationists, wilderness means simply doing nothing. Anyone who wants wilderness in his garden fires his gardener. In many respects, nature conservation is the opposite of wilderness. In many cases, nature conservation requires the protection of a particular state of nature in an area (usually temporary and influenced by humans); but protection from the threat of a different, 'other nature'. This 'other nature' would gain a foothold in the area in question if man did not protect it from the 'other nature'. In extreme cases, nature conservation means the protection of the nature which dominates in one particular area against the penetration and domination of the wilderness.

① Nature conservation sometimes involves protecting a human-influenced state of nature from being replaced by wilderness.

② Anyone who is passionate about gardening naturally becomes a strong advocate for wilderness preservation.

③ The concept of wilderness and nature conservation can be seen as fundamentally opposing ideas in certain respects.

④ If humans did not intervene, a different form of nature could establish itself in a conserved area.

⑤ Nature conservation in extreme cases means defending a dominant natural state from wilderness encroachment.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "야생과 자연 보전은 많은 면에서 반대 개념이다"라는 것이다. 특히 정원 비유가 이 대립을 가장 명확히 보여준다.

지문은 "Anyone who wants wilderness in his garden fires his gardener"라고 서술한다. 즉, 정원에 야생을 원하면 정원사를 해고한다 — 정원 가꾸기(gardening)와 야생(wilderness)은 정반대의 개념이다. 정원 가꾸기에 열정적인 사람은 정원을 관리·유지하는 사람이므로 야생 보존의 옹호자가 되는 것이 아니라 오히려 야생과 대립하는 쪽이다.

따라서 정원 가꾸기에 열정적인 사람이 자연스럽게 야생 보전의 "강력한 옹호자가 된다(naturally becomes a strong advocate)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문의 정원 비유와 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 두 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 야생을 원하면 정원사를 "해고한다(fires)"고 서술하여 정원 가꾸기와 야생이 양립 불가능한 관계임을 보여주며, 자연 보전과 야생이 "반대(opposite)"라고 명시한다. ②번은 정원 가꾸기에 열정적인 사람이 야생 보전의 "강력한 옹호자가 된다"고 서술하여 이 대립 관계를 정반대로 뒤집었다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 16  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 16(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

As nature without human intervention, wilderness does not need nature conservation. When an active nature conservationist raves about wilderness, he must be aware that he is pulling the rug from under his own feet, because for nature conservationists, wilderness means simply doing nothing. Anyone who wants wilderness in his garden fires his gardener. In many respects, nature conservation is the opposite of wilderness. In many cases, nature conservation requires the protection of a particular state of nature in an area (usually temporary and influenced by humans); but protection from the threat of a different, 'other nature'. This 'other nature' would gain a foothold in the area in question if man did not protect it from the 'other nature'. In extreme cases, nature conservation means the protection of the nature which dominates in one particular area against the penetration and domination of the wilderness.

2번 지문

Our world is changing at a rapid rate, and as concerned educators, we no longer can predict with confidence the kind of social ecology that our students will encounter as mature individuals. Our only adaptive recourse, therefore, is to prepare pupils not to be rigidly cooperative, competitive, or individualistic, but to be flexible ─ to recognize a broad range of social situations and the kinds of behaviors appropriate to each. There are situations in which competition is an adaptive strategy; there are other situations in which cooperation is adaptive; and there are yet other situations in which an individualistic approach is most successful. By including a variety of task and reward structures within the classroom, teachers can prepare their students to recognize a fuller range of environmental contingencies and to be able to adjust their behavior accordingly.

3번 지문

Digital learning addresses the need to retrain workers in industries that have shifted jobs offshore in the wake of globalization. The best strategy to help workers avoid being outsourced is for governments to make a commitment to higher education. Displaced workers are going to have to be more adaptable, and retrain to fit into new situations as conditions change. Although job markets have shifted, job growth in some sectors is improving, and new sectors are being stimulated through multiple types of online training to meet critical labor shortages. This strategy does not rely on the federal government, as does unemployment compensation, but provides a means to continue working in the rapidly changing technology-driven global economy. Now, more than ever, as US factories close and industries move overseas, investment in education and job training are required to ensure employability and mitigate the negative impact of economic globalization on the US economy.

4번 지문

Much of social life involves belonging to secondary groups without knowing or interacting with most group members. For an individual to interact with any more than a small fraction of the more than 300 million people living in the United States is impossible. Nonetheless, most Americans feel a strong emotional bond with their fellow citizens. Similarly, think about the students at your school. They know they belong to the same secondary group, and many of them are probably fiercely loyal to it. Yet, how many people at your school have you met? You have probably met no more than a small fraction of the total. One way to make sense of the paradox of intimacy despite distance is to think of your school or the United States as an "imagined community." It is formed because you cannot possibly meet most members of the group and can only speculate about what they must be like. It is nonetheless a community because people believe strongly in its existence.

5번 지문

Successful scientists have learned how to structure their workday for maximum creativity. They shift from one project to another based on what they do most effectively at a given time of day. Original, new, and conceptual work, problem-finding work, is best done first thing in the morning. Many scientists also schedule their writing in the morning, because this involves creative conceptualization. Scientists tend to schedule the concrete, hands-on laboratory work for late morning and after lunch. Finally, many scientists report that they schedule some idle time in the late afternoon, after the concrete phase of hard work, perhaps taking a walk around campus or going for a cup of coffee. They've learned from experience that valuable insights often emerge when they get some distance from the work. Scientists then close the day by returning to writing and conceptual work, often continuing to work long after dinner.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Good writers are not passive; they don't simply record immediate responses. They look closely, ask questions, analyze, make connections, and think. Learning to see with a writer's eye benefits not just those who write for a living but all professionals. In any career you choose, success depends on keen observation and in-depth analysis. A skilled physician detects minor symptoms in a physical or follows up on a patient's complaint and asks questions that lead to a diagnosis others might miss. A successful stockbroker observes overlooked trends and conducts research to detect new investment opportunities. A passerby might assume a busy store must be successful, but a retail analyst would observe what merchandise people are purchasing and how they are paying for it. If all the shoppers are buying discount items and paying with credit cards, the store could be losing money on the sales.

① Good writers actively engage with their subjects by looking closely, asking questions, and making connections.

② The ability to observe with a writer's eye is beneficial for professionals in all fields, not only for professional writers.

③ A successful stockbroker observes trends that others overlook and conducts research to identify new investment opportunities.

④ A retail analyst would conclude that a busy store is certainly profitable based on the high volume of customers visiting it.

⑤ A store could be losing money if its customers are buying only discount items and paying with credit cards.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 구조는 "표면적 관찰 vs 심층적 분석"의 대비이다. 특히 바쁜 가게 사례에서 행인(passerby)과 소매 분석가(retail analyst)의 반응을 명확히 구분하는 것이 핵심이다. 지문은 "A passerby might assume a busy store must be successful, but a retail analyst would observe what merchandise people are purchasing and how they are paying for it"이라고 서술한다. 즉, 바쁜 가게를 보고 성공적이라고 가정하는 것은 행인이지 소매 분석가가 아니다. 소매 분석가는 더 깊이 관찰한다.

따라서 소매 분석가가 높은 고객 수를 근거로 바쁜 가게가 "확실히 수익을 내고 있다고 결론짓는다(would conclude that a busy store is certainly profitable)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 행인의 반응을 소매 분석가에게 잘못 귀속시킨 것이다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 바쁜 가게가 성공적이라고 가정하는 주체가 "행인(passerby)"이고, "소매 분석가(retail analyst)"는 오히려 구매 상품과 결제 방식을 심층 관찰한다고 대비하는 반면, ④번은 소매 분석가가 높은 고객 수만으로 "확실히 수익을 내고 있다고 결론짓는다"고 서술하여 행인의 피상적 판단을 분석가에게 잘못 귀속시켰다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 15  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 15(44문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Good writers are not passive; they don't simply record immediate responses. They look closely, ask questions, analyze, make connections, and think. Learning to see with a writer's eye benefits not just those who write for a living but all professionals. In any career you choose, success depends on keen observation and in-depth analysis. A skilled physician detects minor symptoms in a physical or follows up on a patient's complaint and asks questions that lead to a diagnosis others might miss. A successful stockbroker observes overlooked trends and conducts research to detect new investment opportunities. A passerby might assume a busy store must be successful, but a retail analyst would observe what merchandise people are purchasing and how they are paying for it. If all the shoppers are buying discount items and paying with credit cards, the store could be losing money on the sales.

2번 지문

The majority of workers competed for jobs with other workers in their area, and when they competed more broadly, it was mostly with workers in other parts of the country. Today, however, many millions of workers in developed economies compete for jobs with workers around the world. The reason is that a growing proportion of work is information-based and doesn't involve moving or processing anything physical at all. We're all familiar with some of the results: workers in other countries answering our customer service calls, reading our X-rays, and writing our software. In addition, other developments benefit from cost-effective labor by outsourcing to workers in other countries. Recently, a major accounting firm audited a client company in London by bringing in a team of accountants from India, putting them up in a hotel for three weeks, and flying them back; it was much cheaper than using British accountants.

3번 지문

In mature markets, breakthroughs that lead to a major change in competitive positions and to the growth of the market are rare. Because of this, competition becomes a zero sum game in which one organization can only win at the expense of others. However, where the degree of competition is particularly intense a zero sum game can quickly become a negative sum game, in that everyone in the market is faced with additional costs. As an example of this, when one of the major high street banks in Britain tried to gain a competitive advantage by opening on Saturday mornings, it attracted a number of new customers who found the traditional Monday- Friday bank opening hours to be a constraint. However, faced with a loss of customers, the competition responded by opening on Saturdays as well. The net effect of this was that, although customers benefited, the banks lost out as their costs increased but the total number of customers stayed the same. In essence, this proved to be a negative sum game.

4번 지문

With social trends indicating that more people are marrying later in life or living alone, we are becoming a society of lonely people. If you include the additional stress of modern daily life, it is evident why the number of animals kept as pets grows each year. We all need a friend we can trust. Animal companions never disappoint us and always accept us for who we are. American senator George Graham Vest once said, "The one absolute, unselfish friend that a man can have in this selfish world, the one that never proves ungrateful, is his dog." This sentiment was echoed by journalist Andy Rooney, who is reported to have said, "The average dog is a nicer being than the average person." Perhaps we seek a relationship with companion animals because they give us an unparalleled opportunity to relate to another species on a level not always possible with other humans. Sincerity has always been one of the most frequently cited reasons why people adore animals. And because animals do not perceive the world as humans do, their simpler view encourages us to take a simpler approach to life, to cut through all the complexities we are faced with in our human society, and to get back to basics. In some ways, animals are just better than humans. They do not criticize, tease, or make us feel inferior because our test scores are low or we've gained ten pounds. They are always there for us.

안양외국어고등학교,

경기권 외고 1위·전국 외고 4위의 수시 최강 외국어고

안양외국어고등학교(안양외고)는 경기도 안양시 만안구 양화로37번길 36에 위치한 사립 외국어고등학교로, 1997년 개교했습니다. 학생 수 741명·교원 수 68명 규모이며, 영어과(4학급)·일본어과(3학급)·중국어과(3학급)를 운영합니다.

경기 안양시에 위치한 안양외고는 1997년 개교한 이후 꾸준한 수시 실적을 기록하며 경기권 최강자로 군림하고 있습니다. 서울대 합격 실적을 살펴보면 2024대입에서 수시 15명·정시 4명으로 총 19명의 서울대 합격자를 배출하며 경기권 외고 중 1위·전국 외고 중 4위를 기록했으며, SKY 실적으로는 2024대입 78명(고대 33명·연대 26명)의 압도적인 실적을 자랑합니다.

27개의 스쿨버스 노선을 운영하여 안양·군포·과천·의왕·광명·시흥·안산·부천·수원·용인·성남 등 광범위한 지역에서 학생들이 편리하게 통학할 수 있도록 지원합니다. 타종이 없는 학교로 유명하며, 수업 종료 대신 웅장한 교가가 울려퍼지는 독특한 전통이 있습니다. 중국 상해공상외국어학교·일본 리츠메이칸케이쇼고등학교와 자매교를 맺고 활발한 국제 교류 활동을 이어갑니다.

안양외고 내신,

수시 최강 학교의 전략을 알아야 합니다

수시에서 강한 안양외고이지만 정시 대비도 소홀하지 않습니다. 1학년 때부터 전 교과 수능 대비에 돌입하며, 내신도 수능 유형의 문제로 출제합니다. 학생부의 양보다는 질을 강조하며, 학생 개개인의 특성에 맞춘 맞춤형 학생부를 작성해 대학에서 요구하는 전공 적합성을 높이는 것이 안양외고 수시 경쟁력의 핵심입니다. 수시를 위한 학생부 관리와 함께 1학년부터 수능 대비를 병행하는 전략이 안양외고 입시의 핵심입니다.

국어 – 평촌프로세스논술구술학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/process-pc2019

평촌프로세스논술구술학원은 안양 평촌 지역에서 고등 국어 내신·논술·구술을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. '프로세스(Process)'라는 이름처럼 논술과 구술의 과정(프로세스)을 단계적으로 체계화하여 완성도 높은 답안을 만드는 것을 지향합니다.

안양외고 국어 내신은 수능 유형으로 출제되는 만큼 단순 암기보다 깊이 있는 독해력과 논리적 서술 능력이 핵심입니다. 특히 안양외고 학생들은 대학 면접에서 학생부 기반 면접과 제시문 기반 면접에 모두 대비해야 하는 만큼, 논술·구술 훈련이 국어 능력과 직결됩니다. 평촌프로세스논술구술학원은 안양외고 출제 경향에 맞춰 문학·독서(비문학)·문법을 체계적으로 지도하면서 논술·구술 대비까지 연계한 커리큘럼을 운영합니다.

영어 – 이플러스어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/dudgh34

이플러스어학원은 안양에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. 'E+(이플러스)'라는 이름처럼 영어(English)에 플러스를 더해 실력을 한 단계 올리는 것을 지향합니다.

안양외고에서 영어는 가장 핵심 과목입니다. 영어과 경쟁률이 가장 높고, 교내 영어 탐구·토론·국제 교류 활동 등 영어 관련 세특이 학종 경쟁력의 핵심 자료가 됩니다. 이플러스어학원은 안양외고 기출 경향에 맞춰 수능형 독해력 기반 위에 외고 특유의 심화 영어 문항 대응력과 서술형 영작을 단계별로 집중 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 안양외고 전용 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 엠팩토리학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/jaza76

엠팩토리학원은 안양 동안구에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '엠팩토리(M-Factory)'라는 이름처럼 수학을 정밀하게 제조해내는 공장처럼 체계적이고 완성도 높은 수학 실력을 만드는 것을 지향합니다.

수학의 중요도가 높아진 현 수능체제 아래 미적분·확률과 통계 등 수학 시수를 최대한 확보한 교육과정을 갖춘 안양외고에서 수학은 수시·정시 모두에서 핵심 과목입니다. 엠팩토리학원은 안양외고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 심화 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

종합/입시 – 평촌종로학원

홈페이지: pcjongro.com

평촌종로학원은 안양 평촌에 위치한 종로학원 계열의 종합 입시 학원입니다. 종로학원의 검증된 수능·입시 콘텐츠를 평촌·안양 지역에서 제공하며, 고등관과 재수관을 함께 운영합니다.

안양외고는 수시 최강 학교이지만 수능 준비도 병행해야 하는 만큼, 수시 학생부 관리와 수능 대비를 동시에 챙기는 것이 핵심입니다. 매일 저녁 6시부터 10시까지 자기주도 학습을 진행하는 안양외고의 학습 환경과 맞물려, 학원에서는 부족한 과목의 집중 보완과 입시 전략 수립을 담당하는 것이 효과적입니다. 평촌종로학원은 안양외고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 수시 학생부 관리(세특·면접 대비 포함), 수능 대비 로드맵 설계, 논술 준비까지 통합 지원합니다.

안양외고 내신,

경기권 최강 수시 학교의 경쟁력을 최대한 살리세요

안양외고는 경기권 외고 1위·전국 외고 4위의 입시 실적을 자랑하는 수시 최강 학교입니다. 1학년부터 수능 유형으로 내신을 출제하고, 학생부의 질을 극도로 끌어올리는 학교 특성을 살리는 것이 입시 성공의 핵심입니다. 안양외고 출제 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 내신 관리의 첫걸음입니다.

더메이킹스에서 안양외고 맞춤 학원 목록을 확인해 보세요.

👉 학교별 맞춤 학원 찾기 – 더메이킹스

https://themakings.co.kr/156

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Bruce Abernethy, working with a group from Brunel University London, used fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to examine the brains of elite badminton players as they exercised their skills of anticipation. They scanned players of various skill levels as they watched occluded clips of shots being played (the video clips would cut off just before contact was made with the shuttlecock) and tried to predict in which area of the court the shots would land. The expert players showed more brain activity in areas of the brain associated with observing and understanding other people’s actions. The more experience an athlete has, the better they are at doing this. A few years later, the same group at Brunel did a similar study with footballers, who watched occluded clips of an opponent running towards them with the ball. In some clips, the players would start a feint just before the video cut off, and the footballer in the scanner would have to predict whether they would go left or right. The earlier the clips were cut off, the bigger the difference in neural activity between semipro and novice footballers on fMRI scans.

① Bruce Abernethy’s team used fMRI to study the brains of elite badminton players as they demonstrated anticipation skills.

② Players of different skill levels watched video clips that were cut off just before the shuttlecock was hit.

③ Expert players showed increased brain activity in regions responsible for controlling their own motor responses.

④ In a follow-up study, footballers watched clips of an opponent approaching with the ball.

⑤ Some clips featured the beginning of a deceptive movement before they were cut off.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 엘리트 선수들의 뇌에서 어떤 영역이 활성화되는지를 핵심 발견으로 제시한다. 활성화된 뇌 영역의 기능을 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 전문가 선수들의 뇌 활동에 대해 "more brain activity in areas of the brain associated with observing and understanding other people's actions"라고 명시한다. 즉, 활성화된 영역은 "다른 사람의 행동을 관찰하고 이해하는" 것과 관련된 영역이다.

따라서 전문가 선수들이 "자신의 운동 반응을 통제하는(controlling their own motor responses)" 영역에서 활동 증가를 보였다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 활성화된 뇌 영역의 기능을 잘못 서술한 것이다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ③번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 전문가 선수들이 "다른 사람의 행동을 관찰하고 이해하는(observing and understanding other people's actions)" 영역에서 활동 증가를 보였다고 서술하는 반면, ③번은 "자신의 운동 반응을 통제하는(controlling their own motor responses)" 영역이라고 서술하여 뇌 활성화 영역의 기능을 완전히 다르게 왜곡했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 14  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 14(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Bruce Abernethy, working with a group from Brunel University London, used fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to examine the brains of elite badminton players as they exercised their skills of anticipation. They scanned players of various skill levels as they watched occluded clips of shots being played (the video clips would cut off just before contact was made with the shuttlecock) and tried to predict in which area of the court the shots would land. The expert players showed more brain activity in areas of the brain associated with observing and understanding other people’s actions. The more experience an athlete has, the better they are at doing this. A few years later, the same group at Brunel did a similar study with footballers, who watched occluded clips of an opponent running towards them with the ball. In some clips, the players would start a feint just before the video cut off, and the footballer in the scanner would have to predict whether they would go left or right. The earlier the clips were cut off, the bigger the difference in neural activity between semipro and novice footballers on fMRI scans.

2번 지문

Memories are known to be the sum of what people have thought and what they have been told. Cognitive psychologists have long known that memory, at least in significant part, is a reconstruction of events. When we remember something, say an event from several years ago, we do not replay in our minds a faithfully recorded version of it. We encode fragments of an experience ─ a sight, a sound, a feeling. When we access a memory, we may retrieve some accurate fragments but these have to be put back together again ─ the gaps between these fragments are filled using expectations, common sense, and logic. At times, the pieces needed to reconstruct the memory may be missing or inaccurate, and the recollection becomes a reflection of what we expect rather than how things really were. This makes us feel as though the memory is accurate and true even though it is false, and this process occurs, without our awareness, automatically.

3번 지문

By their very nature, big data analysis projects involve large data sets. But that doesn’t mean that all of a company’s data sources, or all of the information within a relevant data source, will need to be analyzed. Organizations need to identify the strategic data that will lead to valuable analytical insights. For instance, what combination of data can help pinpoint key customer-retention factors? Or what data are required to uncover hidden patterns in stock market transactions? Focusing on a project’s business goals in the planning stages can help an organization home in on the exact analytics that are required, after which it can ─ and should ─ look at the data needed to meet those business goals. In some cases, this will indeed mean including everything. In other cases, though, it means using only a subset of the big data on hand.

4번 지문

Natural selection, and in particular its genetic interpretation through the selfish gene, might seem incompatible with the idea of organisms helping each other out. However, in fact, the natural world is full of seemingly random acts of kindness. Inclusive fitness ─ where an organism places itself in danger to help members of its own family ─ is one such example. But there’s another form of Darwinian charity that drives the behaviour of creatures, called reciprocal altruism. It occurs when organisms help others who are in need, in the hope that one day, when they themselves are in need, others will help them back. This behavior is easily observed in ants that have extra stomachs to store reserve food to feed other members of the colony who are hungry. Any ant who fails to help a comrade, however, is starved by other members of the colony when it needs food itself.

5번 지문

Quota sampling is a technique whereby the researcher chooses a sample that reflects the make-up, in numerical terms, of the wider population. So, for example, if a researcher wanted to study gender differences in first-year undergraduate psychology students, and the wider population comprised a 60/40 per cent split females/males, then the sample must be comprised of this same ratio of females to males. Thus, in a sample population of, say, 100 participants, the sample would contain 60 females and 40 males. This quota system can also be used for other factors, such as age, ethnic background, etc. Like all techniques, quota sampling does have its drawbacks. For example, it can be time-consuming and the researcher would still need to consider exactly how the subgroups that make up the sample are selected: e.g., what if those who are selected refuse to participate ─ how might this affect the sample?

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

With hardly any exceptions, negative experiences tend to trump positive ones in our lives. Losing money, being abandoned by friends, and receiving criticism will have a greater impact than winning money, making friends, or receiving praise. We even make stronger facial expressions when reacting to an unpleasant odor than to a pleasant one. As with many other quirks of the human psyche, there may be an evolutionary basis for this. The researchers suggested that being sensitive to negative things serves evolutionary purposes: making us avoid dangers, identify threats, and adapt and improve. While bad outcomes alert us that things need to change, good ones indicate that they do not. Our survival instinct leads us to worry about potentially negative outcomes rather than consider the potential greatness of positive outcomes. Those who are more attuned to bad things would have been more likely to survive threats and, consequently, would have increased the probability of passing along their genes.

① Negative experiences generally have a more significant impact on our lives than positive experiences.

② People tend to react with equally strong facial expressions to both pleasant and unpleasant smells.

③ Being sensitive to negative stimuli may have provided an evolutionary advantage for survival.

④ The survival instinct drives people to focus more on potential risks than on potential rewards.

⑤ Individuals more attuned to negative events were more likely to pass on their genetic traits.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 "부정적 편향(negativity bias)"의 현상과 그 진화적 이유를 설명한다. 지문 초반부에서 이 편향의 구체적 사례로 냄새에 대한 표정 반응을 제시하는데, 이 세부 묘사를 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 "We even make stronger facial expressions when reacting to an unpleasant odor than to a pleasant one"이라고 명시한다. 즉, 불쾌한 냄새에 "더 강한(stronger)" 표정을 짓는다는 것이다. 이는 쾌적한 냄새와 불쾌한 냄새에 대한 반응이 비대칭적임을 보여주는 사례이다.

따라서 사람들이 쾌적한 냄새와 불쾌한 냄새 모두에 "동일하게 강한(equally strong)" 표정으로 반응한다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 불쾌한 냄새에 쾌적한 냄새보다 "더 강한(stronger... than)" 표정을 짓는다고 비대칭적 반응을 서술하는 반면, ②번은 두 종류의 냄새에 "동일하게 강한(equally strong)" 표정으로 반응한다고 대칭적으로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 13 변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 13(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

With hardly any exceptions, negative experiences tend to trump positive ones in our lives. Losing money, being abandoned by friends, and receiving criticism will have a greater impact than winning money, making friends, or receiving praise. We even make stronger facial expressions when reacting to an unpleasant odor than to a pleasant one. As with many other quirks of the human psyche, there may be an evolutionary basis for this. The researchers suggested that being sensitive to negative things serves evolutionary purposes: making us avoid dangers, identify threats, and adapt and improve. While bad outcomes alert us that things need to change, good ones indicate that they do not. Our survival instinct leads us to worry about potentially negative outcomes rather than consider the potential greatness of positive outcomes. Those who are more attuned to bad things would have been more likely to survive threats and, consequently, would have increased the probability of passing along their genes.

2번 지문

Though human memory is distorted with time, if those distortions had proved detrimental to our ancestors' survival, our memory, and perhaps our species itself, would not have survived. Though our memory system is far from perfect, it is, in most situations, exactly what evolution requires: it is good enough. In fact, in the big picture, human memory is wonderfully efficient and accurate ─ sufficient to have enabled our ancestors to generally recognize the creatures they should avoid and those they should hunt down, where the best trout streams are, and the safest way back to camp. In modern terms, the starting point in understanding how memory works is that the mind is continuously bombarded by a quantity of data so vast that it cannot possibly handle all of it ─ roughly eleven million bits per second. And so we trade perfect recall for the ability to handle information.

3번 지문

As adults, many of us have difficulty acknowledging our anger, even when it is fully justified. We may swallow our anger and rationalize away other feelings because we learned when we were very young that it was unacceptable to have such feelings. As children we might have shouted at our parents: "I hate you! I never want to see you again!" Then we may have heard an upset parent reply: "How dare you say such a thing ─ after all I've done for you! I don't ever want to hear that from you again!" We soon take these messages to mean, "Don't be angry! Never be angry with those you love! Keep control of yourself!" And we do just that, keeping many of our feelings to ourselves and pretending we do not experience them. It is not surprising that so many people suffer from headaches, peptic ulcers, high blood pressure, and heart disease. We should keep in mind that enforcing the suppression of feelings can pose a danger to our health.

4번 지문

Ethnic groups in the United States differ in their motivations for consuming coffee; in the Philadelphia area, sensory motivations are particularly important among Jewish Americans, whereas social factors seem more important among Italian Americans. Cross-culturally, there are differences in both specific motivations and the complexity of the motivations. In a Mexican highland village, weak but hot coffee is drunk an hour or so after awakening. The motivation for doing so is rather simple and uniform: to warm up in the morning. The point of this is that we must understand the motivational structure of consumption before attempting further analyses. In terms of such structure, coffee is more complex than many other foods. The motivation for consuming rice, fish, or chili pepper is less changeable, both among individuals within a culture and across cultures.

5번 지문

The proportions of the mixture of free-market determination and government control vary from economy to economy and over time. There is more free-market determination in the USA than in France. There is more free-market determination in the UK today than there was forty years ago. The mix also varies from sector to sector within any one economy. For example, European agricultural markets have a substantial amount of government control. Under market determination, the average size of a farm would be much larger and agricultural prices much lower than they now are. In contrast, the markets for information and computer technologies are largely free from government intervention. Even the economies closest to free markets have a significant role for government. So it appears that there is no real alternative to a mixed system with major reliance on markets but also with a substantial government presence in many aspects of the economy.

안양여자고등학교,

안양 만안구 65년 역사의 사립 여자고

안양여자고등학교는 경기도 안양시 만안구 안양로 357(안양동)에 위치한 사립 여자 일반고로, 1960년 4월 8일 개교했습니다. 65년의 역사를 자랑하는 안양 만안구의 대표 여자 사립 일반고로, 학생 수 556명(전원 여학생)·교원 수 53명 규모입니다. 전국 상위 78%·경기 상위 59%·평균 내신 4.1등급의 학교로, 안양역 인근 안양로에 위치해 대중교통 접근성이 우수합니다.

안양여고는 수시와 정시를 모두 고려하는 균형 잡힌 입시 전략이 필요한 학교입니다. 사립 여자고 특성상 면학 분위기가 잡혀 있으며, 학생들이 꾸준히 노력하면 내신 등급을 끌어올릴 수 있는 환경을 갖추고 있습니다.

학교별 내신 맞춤 학원이 중요한 이유

안양여고는 학교별 출제 경향이 뚜렷한 사립 여자 일반고입니다. 안양여고 기출 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 내신 관리의 핵심입니다.

더메이킹스의 전국학원지도에서는 학교별·과목별로 내신 전문 학원을 필터링해서 찾아볼 수 있습니다.

국어 – 한밝국어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/hukgun95

한밝국어학원은 안양에서 고등 국어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 국어 전문 학원입니다. '한밝'은 순우리말로 '크게 밝다'는 뜻으로, 국어 실력을 환하게 밝히는 것을 지향합니다.

안양여고 국어 내신은 교과서 본문과 외부 지문의 정확한 독해, 서술형·논술형 답안 작성 능력이 핵심입니다. 사립 여자고 특성상 수행평가 비중도 꼼꼼히 챙겨야 합니다. 한밝국어학원은 안양여고 출제 경향에 맞춰 문학·독서(비문학)·문법 전 영역을 체계적으로 지도하고, 서술형 대비와 수능 국어 연계 커리큘럼을 함께 운영합니다.

영어 – 이플러스어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/dudgh34

이플러스어학원은 안양에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. '이플러스(E+)'라는 이름처럼 영어(English)에 플러스를 더해 실력을 한 단계 올리는 것을 지향합니다.

안양여고 영어 내신은 교과서 본문과 학교 프린트를 기반으로 외부 지문 독해력과 서술형 영작 능력에서 등급이 결정됩니다. 수능 영어 절대평가 1등급 확보와 내신 관리를 함께 준비하는 것이 중요합니다. 이플러스어학원은 안양여고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·독해·본문 암기·서술형 영작을 단계별로 집중 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 안양여고 전용 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 이룸안양학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/iroom-academy

이룸안양학원은 안양에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. '이룸'이라는 이름처럼 수학에서 원하는 목표를 반드시 이루어내는 것을 지향합니다.

안양여고 수학 내신은 개념 이해를 바탕으로 한 변형 문제 풀이와 서술형 답안 작성 능력이 핵심입니다. 이룸안양학원은 안양여고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 심화 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

과학 – 이찬화과학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/chan_science

이찬화과학학원은 안양에서 고등 과학 내신과 수능 과탐을 전문으로 지도하는 과학 전문 학원입니다. 이찬화 원장이 직접 수업하며 물리·화학·생명과학·지구과학 전 영역을 깊이 있게 지도합니다.

안양여고 과학 내신은 개념 이해와 탐구 적용, 서술형 답안 작성 능력을 고르게 요구합니다. 이찬화과학학원은 단원별 핵심 개념 정리부터 안양여고 기출 분석, 서술형·탐구 대비, 수능 과탐 연계까지 내실 있는 커리큘럼으로 진행합니다.

종합/입시 – 카이로스학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/kairosacademy

카이로스학원은 안양에서 안양여고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. '카이로스(Kairos)'는 그리스어로 '결정적인 순간·기회'를 뜻하며, 입시에서 결정적인 순간을 놓치지 않도록 전략적으로 준비시키는 것을 지향합니다.

안양여고는 수시와 정시 모두를 전략적으로 준비해야 하는 사립 여자 일반고입니다. 수시 학종을 노리는 학생은 내신 등급과 세특·비교과 활동을 함께 챙겨야 하고, 정시를 목표로 하는 학생은 수능 실력을 꾸준히 키워야 합니다. 카이로스학원은 안양여고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 수시 학생부 관리, 수능 대비 로드맵 설계, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

안양여고 내신,

65년 전통 여자 사립고의 내신을 전략적으로 관리하세요

안양여고는 1960년 개교한 안양 만안구의 65년 전통 사립 여자 일반고입니다. 수시와 정시를 모두 전략적으로 준비하면서, 안양여고 출제 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 내신 관리의 첫걸음입니다.

더메이킹스에서 안양여고 맞춤 학원 목록을 확인해 보세요.

👉 학교별 맞춤 학원 찾기 – 더메이킹스

https://themakings.co.kr/156

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "위대한 창작자들의 비결은 높은 성공률이 아니라 압도적인 생산량이다"라는 것이다. 이 논지를 가장 명확히 전달하는 두 문장을 정확히 읽는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 "They didn't succeed at a higher rate than others. They just did more."라고 명시한다. 즉, 유명한 창작자들은 다른 사람들보다 성공률이 "높지 않았다(didn't succeed at a higher rate)". 그저 "더 많이 했을 뿐(just did more)"이며, 그 결과 더 많은 성공과 더 많은 실패 모두를 경험한 것이다.

따라서 유명한 창작자들이 "다른 사람들보다 더 높은 성공률 때문에(because they had a higher rate of success)" 성공했다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문이 명시적으로 부정한 내용과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 두 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 유명한 창작자들이 다른 사람들보다 성공률이 "높지 않았다(didn't succeed at a higher rate)"고 명시적으로 부정하며, 그저 "더 많이 했을 뿐(just did more)"이라고 서술하는 반면, ②번은 "더 높은 성공률 때문에(because they had a higher rate of success)" 성공했다고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 12  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 12(44문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Hundreds of behavioral scientists have borrowed and modified Darwin's theory of evolution. One of the most successful findings in this vast literature is that variance in people, knowledge, activities, and organizational structures is vital to creativity and innovation. Research by Dean Keith Simonton shows that the success of individual geniuses like Mozart, Shakespeare, Picasso, Einstein, and Darwin himself, is best seen from an evolutionary perspective. These famous creators produced a wider range of ideas and finished more products than their contemporaries. They didn't succeed at a higher rate than others. They just did more. So they had both more successes and more failures. There are renowned geniuses who defy this trend, but they typically have less impact than their more productive counterparts. The great artist Vermeer created fewer than 50 paintings in his lifetime, all in a similar style. He achieved a singular excellence that, despite the stunning beauty of his art, adds something less than Picasso's unparalleled range and history-changing influence.

2번 지문

The response to art is based on a number of objective and subjective factors. These include taste, values, and tradition, as well as gender, education, emotions, and many more. Most art in the world today was created in past centuries for audiences that differed substantially from contemporary ones. Although art from the past continues to intrigue modern spectators, it is impossible to respond to art in the same way as the original audience. This should not suggest that art from previous centuries cannot be fully understood or valued. Rather, it underlines that art is appreciated on terms compatible with contemporary culture. Today's viewers think, speak, and behave very differently not only from Renaissance but also early twentieth-century audiences. It would be impossible for them to respond to, experience, and look at art in the same way as someone from the 1500s or even the 1950s.

3번 지문

We learn the meanings of practically all our words, not from dictionaries, but from hearing these noises as they accompany actual situations in life and learning to associate certain noises with certain situations. We all learn to interpret language by being aware of contexts. The "definitions" given by little children in school show clearly how they associate words with situations. They almost always define words in terms of physical and social context: Punishment is when you have been bad and your parents don't let you play outside. That is a good definition. The main reason that it cannot be used in dictionaries is that it is too specific; it would be impossible to list the myriad situations in which the word has been used. For this reason, dictionaries give definitions on a high level of abstraction; that is, with particular references left out for the sake of conciseness. This is why it is a great mistake to regard a dictionary definition as telling us all about a word.

4번 지문

The patent system is one of the main instruments governments use to promote research and development. Patenting an idea gives its inventor a 20-year monopoly to exploit the fruit of his labor in the marketplace, in exchange for publishing a full account of how the new product, process, or material works. Most economists would argue that, without a patent system, even fewer inventions would lead to successful innovations. But what if patents actually discourage the combining and recombining of inventions to yield new products and processes ─ as has happened in biotechnology, genetics, and other disciplines? Unlike the informal system that scientists use for sharing intellectual credit, the patent system is winner take all. Whoever gets his or her application approved first gets all the money. That creates an incentive for concealment ─ if scientists' ideas leak out, someone else could file the patent more quickly. But secrecy is the enemy of science. All really great breakthroughs are actually a chain of small discoveries. Each team of scientists eagerly reads the latest results from other labs and adds some small but brilliant insights of their own. But if billion-dollar patents are at stake, universities ─ which end up owning much of the intellectual property that comes out of professors' discoveries ─ have a strong incentive to pressure their scholars to keep new findings and ideas under wraps. Hence, there is growing concern among academic scholars and policy makers that patent rights are themselves slowing innovation.

수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

Day 11 변형문제

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "부정적인 사람들과의 교류는 우리 자신의 에너지에 해로운 영향을 미친다"는 것이다. 지문 후반부 전체가 부정적인 사람들의 위험성을 경고하는 데 할애된다.

지문은 부정적 사람들의 영향에 대해 "life is way too short to spend with losers as they will influence us without us even knowing it" + "They rob others of their energy without them even knowing it"이라고 서술한다. 즉, 부정적 사람들은 타인의 에너지에 심대한 영향을 미치며, 심지어 당사자가 알지도 못하는 사이에 에너지를 빼앗는다.

따라서 부정적 사람들과 시간을 보내는 것이 자신의 에너지 수준에 "측정 가능한 영향이 없다(has no measurable effect)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 두 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 부정적 사람들이 타인의 에너지를 "빼앗고(rob)" 우리가 알지도 못하는 사이에 "영향을 미친다(influence)"고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 부정적 사람들과의 교류가 에너지 수준에 "측정 가능한 영향이 없다(no measurable effect)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 11  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 11(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Research has shown that proactive people have more positive energy flowing through their systems than reactive or inactive types. And there is a direct correlation between the amount of energy flowing through your wires and your influence on those in your presence. Positive energy has a weird influence that defies the laws of physics. In Positive Energy, Judith Orloff wrote, "I believe that the most profound transformations can take place only on an energetic level." This psychiatrist discovered that "The more positive energy we give off, the more we'll magnetize to us. Ditto for negativity. It works like this: Passion attracts passion. Rage attracts rage. The explanation: We are all subtle energy transmitters." The moral is that life is way too short to spend with losers as they will influence us without us even knowing it. Those dark clouds hovering over negative types impact everything they touch and everyone that comes into their sphere of influence. Be careful. They rob others of their energy without them even knowing it.

2번 지문

There are many creative domains that require individuals to insert as little of themselves as possible into the work. In translating a novel or poem into a different language, the translator is unavoidably creative; this is reflected by the fact that the translator receives recognition, and his or her name is published in the work next to that of the original author. But the ideal translator is one who most faithfully retains the creative spirit of the original, thereby keeping his or her own contribution to the translation as minimal as possible. Dubbing a foreign movie into one's own language requires that the translator develop a version of the original line that can most easily be spoken in the time that the foreign actor's mouth is moving. It also requires the voice-over actors to match their delivery to the moving image. Although these are unquestionably creative activities, they're activities in which individual inspiration and originality would be harmful to the work.

3번 지문

In a 2008 study, a group of volunteers asked to rate five wines rated a bottle labeled $90 higher than another bottle labeled $10, even though the researchers had filled both bottles with the same wine. What's more, this test was conducted while the subjects were having their brains imaged in a magnetic resonance scanner. The scans showed that the area of the brain thought to encode our experience of pleasure was truly more active when the subjects drank the wine they believed was more expensive. But before you judge them, consider this: When a researcher asked 30 cola drinkers whether they preferred one brand or another, and then asked them to test their preference by tasting both brands side by side, 21 of the 30 reported that the taste test confirmed their choice even though the researcher had switched the drinks in the bottles. When we perform an assessment or measurement, our brains do not rely solely on direct perceptional input. They also integrate other sources of information ─ such as our expectations.

4번 지문

Too often we overcome one resource limitation by stretching another. The effect, overall, can be likened to a rubber band that can stretch and then stretch some more. Frequently, our solution to local resource shortages is to transport the limited resource from an area where it is more abundant or to manufacture alternatives using additional energy and other resources. While this process gives the impression of increasing abundance, like the rubber band that appears longer when stretched, continued expansion puts more tension on remaining resources. At the present time, our capacity for moving resources around and for powering industrial processes is enormous, but, like the rubber band, there will be a point where further expansion will fail.

5번 지문

magine that a few bystanders (each walking alone) come upon a potential emergency at about the same time, such as a man lying on the ground. They need to decide what is going on and what they should do. Is the man sick? Is he drunk? Will he be angry if they ask him questions? One source of information they might use is how other people in the situation are responding: Do other people seem to think that this is an emergency requiring intervention? If they are not doing anything about the event, then perhaps it is not an emergency at all. Unfortunately for the victim, all of the bystanders may be looking at one another for cues about how to respond, with the result that no one does anything! Bystanders may misinterpret the situation as a nonemergency based on the inaction of other bystanders.