고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Black uniforms are viewed more negatively by people than light-colored uniforms, in a variety of situations, thus implying that the public may respond better to firefighters in lighter turnout gear. Further, our findings show that many firefighters had concerns specific to black gear. Given these factors, the popularity of black turnout gear by some firefighters is somewhat puzzling. The reason may lie in the psychological profile of the men and women who become firefighters. U.S. firefighters tend to be conservative, and reluctant to change traditional gear. For example, recent developments in European firefighter uniforms and helmets that are more form-fitted and have functional advantages are generally rejected by U.S. firefighters. This can be due to two different factors: the desire to maintain their traditional image, and the fact that they feel comfortable in the uniform they currently wear ─ they know and trust its functions and limitations. Changing to a new uniform, which must protect you from life-threatening conditions, is not as simple as deciding on a new dress fashion.

① Public perception tends to be more negative toward black firefighter uniforms than lighter ones.

② The popularity of black turnout gear among some firefighters is considered a puzzling phenomenon.

③ U.S. firefighters generally prefer to retain their traditional uniform designs.

④ Firefighters feel secure wearing familiar gear because they understand its capabilities and constraints.

⑤ Switching to new protective gear is generally considered as simple a decision as choosing a new clothing fashion.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지 중 하나는 "소방관의 보호 장비를 교체하는 것은 결코 단순한 결정이 아니다"라는 것이다. 마지막 문장이 이를 가장 명확히 전달한다.

지문은 "Changing to a new uniform, which must protect you from life-threatening conditions, is not as simple as deciding on a new dress fashion"이라고 명시한다. 즉, 새 보호 장비로의 전환은 새로운 의류 패션을 고르는 것처럼 "간단하지 않다(is not as simple as)"는 것이다.

따라서 새 보호 장비로의 전환이 새로운 의류 패션을 선택하는 것만큼 "일반적으로 간단한 결정으로 여겨진다(generally considered as simple a decision as)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ⑤번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 새 보호 장비로의 전환이 새 패션을 고르는 것처럼 "간단하지 않다(is not as simple as)"고 서술하는 반면, ⑤번은 "간단한 결정으로 여겨진다(considered as simple a decision as)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 24  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 24(44문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Black uniforms are viewed more negatively by people than light-colored uniforms, in a variety of situations, thus implying that the public may respond better to firefighters in lighter turnout gear. Further, our findings show that many firefighters had concerns specific to black gear. Given these factors, the popularity of black turnout gear by some firefighters is somewhat puzzling. The reason may lie in the psychological profile of the men and women who become firefighters. U.S. firefighters tend to be conservative, and reluctant to change traditional gear. For example, recent developments in European firefighter uniforms and helmets that are more form-fitted and have functional advantages are generally rejected by U.S. firefighters. This can be due to two different factors: the desire to maintain their traditional image, and the fact that they feel comfortable in the uniform they currently wear ─ they know and trust its functions and limitations. Changing to a new uniform, which must protect you from life-threatening conditions, is not as simple as deciding on a new dress fashion.

2번 지문

The event that began the transition from Old English to Middle English was the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy in northern France and the conquering Normans began their rule of it. They were themselves descended from Vikings who had settled in northern France about 200 years before. However, they had completely abandoned their own language and wholeheartedly adopted French to the extent that not a single Norman word survived in Normandy. French became the language of the kings and nobility of England for more than 300 years. While it was the verbal language of the court, administration, and culture, Latin was mostly used for written language, especially by the Church and in official records. On the other hand, the peasantry and lower classes (the vast majority of the population, an estimated 95%) continued to speak English, which was considered by the Normans a low-class, vulgar tongue. It is this mixture of Old English and French that is usually referred to as Middle English.

3번 지문

Sometimes, people are hesitant to dissent due to the potential to irritate their friends and allies or to undermine the effectiveness and reputation of their group. This reluctance is even evident during times of war or when national security is at risk. While silence may seem like the easier option, it can actually cause more harm than good, especially when dealing with issues that require dialogue and discussion. By implementing anonymous channels through which dissent can be expressed, organizations can create an environment that values dissent and encourages open communication. Such an environment, in turn, fosters a culture that rewards members who challenge the prevailing norms, without penalizing them. This culture of open communication and constructive dissent contributes to the overall success and sustainability of the organization, as it is better equipped to navigate complex situations and adapt to unforeseen circumstances. Moreover, it fosters a sense of trust and cohesion among members, as they feel comfortable sharing their thoughts without fear of retribution.

4번 지문

Students who have a high level of self-control are especially effective at achieving health, wealth, and happiness. Their lives are marked by success on many fronts. We found that these individuals don't attain these admirable outcomes in the expected way ─ by actively exerting willpower. Their success is not due to some superhuman ability to inhibit unwanted actions. Instead, they form habits to automate their behavior. Habits make it easy to accomplish their goals. There's another important story of how people with high "self-control" are successful. It has to do with contexts. In an online survey, individuals who scored high on a "self-control" scale also agreed with statements like "I choose friends who keep me on track to accomplishing my long-term goals," or "When I work or study, I deliberately seek out a place with no distractions," and "I avoid situations in which I might be tempted to act immorally." These people understood the power of circumstances to make actions easy or difficult. They recognized that if they controlled their surroundings, they'd control their actions, too. Once someone understands this, it gets easier to form beneficial habits. Students who tested low in "self-control" didn't agree as strongly with these statements. They weren't trying to make their lives easier by establishing the right external forces ─ ones to drive desired behaviors and put friction on undesired ones. High "self-control" people don't just say the right thing. They do it.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Even though science believes it is predicated on physical laws that describe objective processes, the historian of science Thomas Kuhn pointed out that scientific facts are instead embedded in cultural practices or paradigms. Science operates within the context of the culture it exists in; it does not exist in a vacuum where pure absolute objectivity prevails. In biomedicine, for example, physicians always base their diagnosis on assumptions within the context of their culture. In the United States, a reasonably healthy person with an enlarged spleen would be suspected of mononucleosis. In South America, this same person would be suspected of having Chagas' disease; in Ethiopia, Ewing's tumor. All these diagnoses would be correct. If an American physician were put in sub-Sahara Africa, or a Saudi physician in Nebraska, each would have trouble making proper diagnoses of their patients. Because biomedicine operates within the context of the culture of which it is part, these physicians would be like fish out of water and not fully cognizant of the cultural mores of their host land.

① Thomas Kuhn argued that scientific facts are embedded in cultural paradigms rather than reflecting pure objectivity.

② Physicians in biomedicine make diagnoses based on assumptions shaped by the cultural context they work in.

③ An enlarged spleen in a healthy person would lead to different diagnoses depending on the country where the physician practices.

④ The diverse diagnoses given for the same symptom across different regions are all considered incorrect.

⑤ Physicians placed in unfamiliar cultural settings would struggle to make proper diagnoses of their patients.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "과학적 진단도 문화적 맥락에 따라 달라지며, 각 맥락 안에서의 진단은 모두 유효하다"는 것이다. 특히 서로 다른 지역에서 같은 증상에 대해 내려진 다양한 진단의 정확성 여부를 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 미국, 남미, 에티오피아에서 각각 다른 진단이 내려지는 사례를 제시한 뒤 "All these diagnoses would be correct"라고 명시한다. 즉, 서로 다른 진단 모두가 "정확하다(correct)"는 것이다.

따라서 이 다양한 진단이 모두 "부정확한 것으로 간주된다(are all considered incorrect)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 서로 다른 지역에서 같은 증상에 대해 내려진 다양한 진단이 "모두 정확하다(all correct)"고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 "모두 부정확한 것으로 간주된다(all considered incorrect)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 23  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 23(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Even though science believes it is predicated on physical laws that describe objective processes, the historian of science Thomas Kuhn pointed out that scientific facts are instead embedded in cultural practices or paradigms. Science operates within the context of the culture it exists in; it does not exist in a vacuum where pure absolute objectivity prevails. In biomedicine, for example, physicians always base their diagnosis on assumptions within the context of their culture. In the United States, a reasonably healthy person with an enlarged spleen would be suspected of mononucleosis. In South America, this same person would be suspected of having Chagas' disease; in Ethiopia, Ewing's tumor. All these diagnoses would be correct. If an American physician were put in sub-Sahara Africa, or a Saudi physician in Nebraska, each would have trouble making proper diagnoses of their patients. Because biomedicine operates within the context of the culture of which it is part, these physicians would be like fish out of water and not fully cognizant of the cultural mores of their host land.

2번 지문

When the natural communication systems of primates are examined, no straightforward increase in complexity from monkeys to apes is observed. In fact, many researchers characterize great ape communication systems as more limited in range than those of monkeys. For example, monkeys, but not other apes, have functionally referential alarm calls, although whether monkey calls are truly referential like human language remains contested. This particular ape-monkey difference makes sense. Great apes are larger and stronger than monkeys, and hence are less vulnerable to predation. Apes almost certainly didn't evolve referential alarm calls because they had comparatively little to be alarmed about. Indeed, there is little that is learned at all in the vocal communication of nonhuman apes. Apes do display several types of gestures that appear to be learned through social interaction. However, these gestures lack referential or symbolic intention.

3번 지문

The title of a scientific article should be chosen with care because it provides the first basis on which a prospective reader can decide whether or not to go further in reading the article. It therefore should provide as much information as possible about the nature of the paper, without, however, exceeding the length limitations. In practice it will be the chief source on which indexers will rely. Therefore, it is desirable, if possible, to get index words into the title, i.e., words under which the paper should be listed in the subject index. For example, if a small number of chemical compounds were studied in some way, such that the article should be indexed under the names of the compounds, try to get the names in the title.

4번 지문

Pamela Dalton, a psychologist at Monell Chemical Senses Center, proved that expectations actually change the perception of smell. The participants were divided into three groups, who sat down in a lab, and were then exposed to an odor that was neither pleasant nor unpleasant for 20 minutes. To one group, she did not say anything about the odor, while she told the second and the third groups that the odor was an industrial chemical that might be harmful and a distilled pure natural extract, respectively. The result was that the subjects who were either told nothing or positive information felt the odor became weaker as time passed. In contrast, the subjects who were told negative information felt the odor became stronger as time passed. In other words, an odor that is thought to be good disappears from consciousness fast, while an odor thought to be harmful keeps our attention and remains strong. This experiment shows that prejudices are very effective at distorting the senses.

5번 지문

In a study conducted at the Old North Church, one of the most-visited historical landmarks in Boston, American tourists completed a travel checklist just before entering the church, marking off the other cities they had visited. Some tourists saw a checklist that included commonplace destinations, such as New York, Orlando, and Las Vegas, places many Americans have visited. Others saw a checklist that included more exotic international destinations, such as Tokyo, Paris, and Sydney. Tourists checked off a lot more places when they were presented with the list of U.S. destinations, leading them to feel more well-traveled than people presented with the broader list of international destinations. The tourists went on their way, heading inside to check out the church. But the checklist changed how they behaved when they got there. Those who saw the list of exotic international destinations entered the church feeling like they were not well-traveled and ended up savoring their visit more. They spent significantly more time enjoying the church compared to those who saw the domestic checklist.

분당고 내신,

수시·정시 균형 있게 준비하는 전략이 핵심

분당고는 수시와 정시를 모두 고려하는 균형 잡힌 입시 전략이 필요한 학교입니다. 어중간하게 잘하는 애들이 많고, 여학생·남학생 모두 공부 잘하는 활발한 분위기가 공존하며, 학원가로의 접근성도 좋은 편입니다. 내신 과목별 난이도 편차가 크지 않은 만큼 전 과목을 고르게 관리하는 전략이 효과적입니다.

국어 – 박상희국어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/pikacademy

박상희국어학원은 분당에서 고등 국어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. 박상희 원장이 직접 수업하는 방식으로, 분당고를 포함한 분당 수내동 지역 학생들의 국어 실력을 체계적으로 끌어올리는 것을 지향합니다.

분당고 국어 내신은 암기 위주의 출제 경향이 있으며, 교과서 본문과 외부 지문의 독해, 서술형 답안 작성 능력이 함께 요구됩니다. 박상희국어학원은 분당고 출제 경향에 맞춰 문학·독서(비문학)·문법 전 영역을 체계적으로 지도하고, 서술형 대비와 수능 국어 연계 커리큘럼을 함께 운영합니다.

영어 – 플라톤영어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/platon600

플라톤영어학원은 분당에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. '플라톤(Platon)'이라는 이름처럼 고대 그리스의 위대한 철학자 플라톤을 모티브로, 깊이 있는 사고력을 바탕으로 한 영어 실력을 키우는 것을 지향합니다.

분당고 영어 내신은 교과서 본문과 학교 프린트를 기반으로 외부 지문 독해력과 서술형 영작 능력에서 등급이 결정됩니다. 수능 영어 절대평가 1등급 확보와 내신 관리를 함께 준비하는 것이 중요합니다. 플라톤영어학원은 분당고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·독해·본문 암기·서술형 영작을 단계별로 집중 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 분당고 전용 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 수재수학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/sujaemath_1

수재수학학원은 분당에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '수재(秀才)'라는 이름처럼 수학에서 뛰어난 재능을 키워내는 것을 지향합니다.

분당고 수학 내신은 과목별 난이도 편차가 크지 않고 열심히 하는 만큼 성적이 나오는 구조이지만, 전국 상위 13%의 학생들이 경쟁하는 만큼 심화 응용 문제와 서술형 풀이 과정 작성 능력이 핵심입니다. 수재수학학원은 분당고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 심화 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

과학 – 태훈과학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/kthscience

태훈과학학원은 분당에서 고등 과학 내신과 수능 과탐을 전문으로 지도하는 과학 전문 학원입니다. 태훈 원장이 직접 수업하며 물리·화학·생명과학·지구과학 전 영역을 깊이 있게 지도합니다. 분당고는 전국 상위 13% 수준의 학생들이 모이는 만큼 이공계 진학을 목표로 하는 학생들의 과학 내신 경쟁이 치열합니다. 태훈과학학원은 단원별 핵심 개념 정리부터 분당고 기출 분석, 서술형·탐구 대비, 수능 과탐 연계까지 내실 있는 커리큘럼으로 진행합니다.

논술 – 율빛학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/yourlight2021

율빛학원은 분당에서 고등 논술을 전문으로 지도하는 논술 전문 학원입니다. '율빛(律빛)'이라는 이름처럼 논리의 빛으로 글쓰기를 밝혀주는 것을 지향합니다.

분당고는 전국 상위 13%의 학력 수준에서 수시 학종과 논술 전형 모두를 고려하는 학생들이 많습니다. 논술 전형을 목표로 하는 학생에게는 대학별 논술 문제 유형 분석과 실전 답안 작성 훈련이 핵심입니다. 율빛학원은 인문·자연 계열 대학별 논술 경향에 맞춘 체계적인 논술 커리큘럼으로 분당고 학생들의 수시 논술 경쟁력을 강화합니다.

종합/입시 – 대치학원(정자)

블로그: blog.naver.com/dachi_jeongja

대치학원 정자점은 분당 정자동에서 분당고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. '대치(大治)'라는 이름처럼 대치동 수준의 체계적인 입시 관리를 분당에서 제공하는 것을 지향합니다.

분당고는 수시와 정시 모두에서 경쟁력 있는 결과를 낼 수 있는 학교입니다. 학생 개개인의 강점에 맞는 전형 전략을 일찍부터 설계하고, 내신 관리와 수능 준비를 균형 있게 챙기는 것이 분당고 입시의 핵심입니다. 대치학원 정자점은 분당고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 수시 학생부 관리, 논술 대비, 수능 대비 로드맵 설계, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

분당고 내신,

열심히 하는 만큼 돌아오는 학교의 분위기를 살리세요

분당고는 전국 상위 13%·경기 상위 6%의 탁월한 학력을 자랑하는 분당 수내동의 공립 명문 남녀공학입니다. 과목별 난이도 편차가 크지 않고 노력 대비 성과가 분명한 학교 특성을 살려, 전 과목을 균형 있게 관리하면서 수능 실력과 수시 포트폴리오를 함께 챙기는 전략이 핵심입니다. 분당고 출제 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 그 출발점입니다.

더메이킹스에서 분당고 맞춤 학원 목록을 확인해 보세요.

👉 학교별 맞춤 학원 찾기 – 더메이킹스

https://themakings.co.kr/157

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

World history teachers already grasp the fact that they could not hope to cover the history of the world without picking and choosing. Otherwise, they would have to devote perhaps 13 minutes to the history of Malaysia, 7 to Singapore, and 28 to Thailand ─ impossible! But in U.S. history, teachers still feel a compulsion to teach 4,444 twigs rather than a much smaller number of trees and only a handful of forests. Sometimes they feel compelled to do so by statewide "standardized" twig tests. Unfortunately, the more teachers cover, the less kids remember. Fragmenting history into unconnected "facts" practically guarantees that students will not be able to relate many of these terms to their own lives. As a professor who specializes in teaching first-year courses, I can guarantee that by the time they enter college, most students who were taught U.S. history the usual way have forgotten everything ─ except that World War I preceded World War II.

① Without selecting and prioritizing, covering the entire history of the world would be unmanageable for teachers.

② U.S. history teachers tend to focus on teaching numerous minor details rather than broader historical patterns.

③ The author, as a college professor, observes that students forget most of what they learned in U.S. history classes.

④ Even students who were taught U.S. history in a fragmented way can remember most major wars and their causes.

⑤ Breaking history into disconnected facts makes it nearly impossible for students to connect those facts to their lives.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "파편화된 미국사 교육은 학생들이 거의 모든 것을 잊게 만든다"는 것이다. 특히 학생들이 기억하는 것의 범위가 얼마나 빈약한지를 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다. 지문은 학생들의 기억 상태에 대해 "most students... have forgotten everything — except that World War I preceded World War II"라고 서술한다. 즉, 기억하는 것은 "1차 세계대전이 2차 세계대전보다 앞섰다"는 단순한 순서뿐이며, 이는 전쟁의 원인이나 세부 내용이 아닌 극히 기초적인 사실 하나에 불과하다.

따라서 파편화된 방식으로 배운 학생들도 "대부분의 주요 전쟁과 그 원인을 기억할 수 있다(can remember most major wars and their causes)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 학생들이 "모든 것을 잊었으며(forgotten everything)" 기억하는 유일한 것은 **"1차 대전이 2차 대전보다 앞섰다"**는 단순한 사실 하나뿐이라고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 **"대부분의 주요 전쟁과 그 원인을 기억할 수 있다(can remember most major wars and their causes)"**고 기억 범위를 크게 과장했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 22  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 22(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

It is not only in the realm of identity creation that consumption is of significance. The manner in which particular goods or services are culturally embedded in the individual consumer's social world, for example, may determine how or why they are consumed, and tourism is no exception. Once considered the preserve of the wealthy people, it has become 'democratized' ─ an accepted and, perhaps, expected element of contemporary social life. Moreover, tourism possesses different meanings to different consumers in relation to their personal cultural context; to some, for example, it may represent spiritual refreshment, to others the fulfillment of dreams or fantasies. Equally, tourism may be consumed as a means of experiencing a (temporary) social world with other tourists; it may be purposefully consumed in expectation of shared experiences.

2번 지문

Understanding art involves the establishment of linkages between areas of knowledge to which it is related. For many generations, art educators strove for subject-matter autonomy and wanted to teach art for its own sake in isolation from other subjects constituting the culture. Moreover, art often is taught in isolation from aspects of itself. Students tend to learn studio technical skills, but not the history of the media they are using, the social needs that were met by the invention of these media, or the cultural meanings expressed by the work's symbolic content. They might learn to describe works in terms of their formal elements, but rarely can they explain how these function to contribute to a work's expressive power or how the expressed content reflects the perceived realities that fit its cultural location. They may know about the effect of warm and cool colors from experiences in a painting class, but not recognize how such colors create meanings within works of art by others.

3번 지문

Since the concept of a teddy bear is very obviously not a genetically inherited trait, we can be confident that we are looking at a cultural trait. However, it is a cultural trait that seems to be under the guidance of another, genuinely biological trait: the cues that attract us to babies (high foreheads and small faces). Cute, babylike features are inherently appealing, producing a nurturing response in most humans. Teddy bears that had a more baby-like appearance ─ however slight this may have been initially ─ were thus more popular with customers. Teddy bear manufacturers obviously noticed which bears were selling best and so made more of these and fewer of the less popular models, to maximize their profits. In this way, the selection pressure built up by the customers resulted in the evolution of a more babylike bear by the manufacturers.

4번 지문

The French government utilized skiing as a part of its strategies for regional development in the post-Second World War economic reconstruction. Purpose-built ski resorts, or 'ski factories' as some tourism and recreation researchers labelled them because of their emphasis on the mass accommodation of skiers and construction from glass, concrete, and steel, were built in the late 1950s to aid regional development. The combination of demand from a growing mass leisure class and regional development opportunities has driven similar transformations in many of the world's mountain landscapes for the purpose of recreation and tourism. This development demonstrates how previously unused nature may become a resource offering economic opportunities. This process emphasizes that nature only becomes a resource when a human value is placed upon it, typically through the market, thus acquiring an instrumental value that previously did not exist.

5번 지문

A large group of psychologists and architects conducted two experiments among eight thousand college students at three institutions in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Some of the students lived in high-density towers, some in medium-density apartment blocks, and others in lower-density halls of residence. The researchers began by scattering a series of stamped addressed envelopes inside the buildings, creating the sense that the letters had been lost on the way to the mailbox. When the researchers returned four hours later, they found that 100 percent of the letters in the low-density housing were posted, 87 percent were posted in the mediumdensity blocks, and only 63 percent were posted in the high-density towers. In a different set of apartment blocks that similarly varied in density, the researchers placed boxes asking residents to donate used milk cartons for an art project. Calculating the number of cartons that were used by the residents in the blocks, they found again that high-density dwellers were less helpful. Those in low- and medium-density housing contributed 55 percent of their cartons, whereas the students in high-density housing gave only 37 percent of their cartons.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

Just as people do not stand idly by and let random situations happen to them, so social situations do not let every person enter them. The choice between West Point and Berkeley is only available to students who performed well in high school and on college entrance exams. For many situations, a person needs certain characteristics to enter. The high school freshman who is taller than average may be recruited for basketball training, for example, whereas a friend who is better than average at mathematics and sciences may be recruited for honors classes. And small initial differences between people may get even larger as situations (such as basketball training sessions and honors classes) exaggerate them. At the end of their senior year, the differences between the students are likely to be much greater than they were originally. Thus, situation and person mutually shape and choose one another in a continuing cycle.

① Social situations welcome all individuals regardless of their personal traits or achievements.

② A student's height can be a factor in being selected for basketball training at the high school level.

③ Students who excel in math and science may be guided toward honors classes early on.

④ The gap between students with different starting abilities tends to widen over time through their experiences.

⑤ The relationship between a person and the situations they encounter is characterized by ongoing mutual influence.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "사회적 상황은 모든 사람에게 열려 있지 않으며, 특정 특성을 갖춘 사람만 진입할 수 있다"는 것이다. 지문의 첫 두 문장이 이 원리를 명확히 선언한다.

지문은 "social situations do not let every person enter them"이라고 명시하고, "for many situations, a person needs certain characteristics to enter"라고 부연한다. 즉, 사회적 상황은 개인의 특성에 따라 선택적으로 진입을 허용한다.

따라서 사회적 상황이 개인적 특성이나 성취에 "상관없이 모든 개인을 환영한다(welcome all individuals regardless of)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 두 문장이 ①번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 사회적 상황이 "모든 사람의 진입을 허용하지 않으며(do not let every person)" "특정 특성이 필요하다(needs certain characteristics)"고 서술하는 반면, ①번은 개인적 특성이나 성취에 "상관없이 모든 개인을 환영한다(welcome all individuals regardless of)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 20 변형문제는 총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 20(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

It is not only in the realm of identity creation that consumption is of significance. The manner in which particular goods or services are culturally embedded in the individual consumer's social world, for example, may determine how or why they are consumed, and tourism is no exception. Once considered the preserve of the wealthy people, it has become 'democratized' ─ an accepted and, perhaps, expected element of contemporary social life. Moreover, tourism possesses different meanings to different consumers in relation to their personal cultural context; to some, for example, it may represent spiritual refreshment, to others the fulfillment of dreams or fantasies. Equally, tourism may be consumed as a means of experiencing a (temporary) social world with other tourists; it may be purposefully consumed in expectation of shared experiences.

2번 지문

Understanding art involves the establishment of linkages between areas of knowledge to which it is related. For many generations, art educators strove for subject-matter autonomy and wanted to teach art for its own sake in isolation from other subjects constituting the culture. Moreover, art often is taught in isolation from aspects of itself. Students tend to learn studio technical skills, but not the history of the media they are using, the social needs that were met by the invention of these media, or the cultural meanings expressed by the work's symbolic content. They might learn to describe works in terms of their formal elements, but rarely can they explain how these function to contribute to a work's expressive power or how the expressed content reflects the perceived realities that fit its cultural location. They may know about the effect of warm and cool colors from experiences in a painting class, but not recognize how such colors create meanings within works of art by others.

3번 지문

Since the concept of a teddy bear is very obviously not a genetically inherited trait, we can be confident that we are looking at a cultural trait. However, it is a cultural trait that seems to be under the guidance of another, genuinely biological trait: the cues that attract us to babies (high foreheads and small faces). Cute, babylike features are inherently appealing, producing a nurturing response in most humans. Teddy bears that had a more baby-like appearance ─ however slight this may have been initially ─ were thus more popular with customers. Teddy bear manufacturers obviously noticed which bears were selling best and so made more of these and fewer of the less popular models, to maximize their profits. In this way, the selection pressure built up by the customers resulted in the evolution of a more babylike bear by the manufacturers.

4번 지문

The French government utilized skiing as a part of its strategies for regional development in the post-Second World War economic reconstruction. Purpose-built ski resorts, or 'ski factories' as some tourism and recreation researchers labelled them because of their emphasis on the mass accommodation of skiers and construction from glass, concrete, and steel, were built in the late 1950s to aid regional development. The combination of demand from a growing mass leisure class and regional development opportunities has driven similar transformations in many of the world's mountain landscapes for the purpose of recreation and tourism. This development demonstrates how previously unused nature may become a resource offering economic opportunities. This process emphasizes that nature only becomes a resource when a human value is placed upon it, typically through the market, thus acquiring an instrumental value that previously did not exist.

5번 지문

A large group of psychologists and architects conducted two experiments among eight thousand college students at three institutions in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Some of the students lived in high-density towers, some in medium-density apartment blocks, and others in lower-density halls of residence. The researchers began by scattering a series of stamped addressed envelopes inside the buildings, creating the sense that the letters had been lost on the way to the mailbox. When the researchers returned four hours later, they found that 100 percent of the letters in the low-density housing were posted, 87 percent were posted in the mediumdensity blocks, and only 63 percent were posted in the high-density towers. In a different set of apartment blocks that similarly varied in density, the researchers placed boxes asking residents to donate used milk cartons for an art project. Calculating the number of cartons that were used by the residents in the blocks, they found again that high-density dwellers were less helpful. Those in low- and medium-density housing contributed 55 percent of their cartons, whereas the students in high-density housing gave only 37 percent of their cartons.

학교별 내신 맞춤 학원이 중요한 이유

복정고는 혁신학교 특성상 수행평가 비중이 높고 학생 수가 적어 내신 등급 경쟁이 촘촘합니다. 수시와 정시를 모두 고려하는 균형 잡힌 전략이 필요하며, 복정고 기출 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 내신 관리의 핵심입니다.

더메이킹스의 전국학원지도에서는 학교별·과목별로 내신 전문 학원을 필터링해서 찾아볼 수 있습니다.

영어 – 위례탐영어학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/yoora5603

위례탐영어학원은 위례 신도시에서 고등 영어 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 학원입니다. '위례탐(位禮探)'이라는 이름처럼 위례 지역 학생들이 영어의 참된 탐구를 통해 실력을 쌓도록 이끄는 것을 지향합니다.

복정고 영어 내신은 교과서 본문과 학교 프린트를 기반으로 외부 지문 독해력과 서술형 영작 능력에서 등급이 결정됩니다. 혁신학교 특성상 수행평가 비중이 높아 영어 수행평가 대비도 중요합니다. 위례탐영어학원은 복정고 기출 경향에 맞춰 어휘·독해·본문 암기·서술형 영작을 단계별로 집중 훈련하고, 내신 기간에는 복정고 전용 집중 대비 수업을 별도 편성합니다.

수학 – 접속수학학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/connectmath

접속수학학원은 성남 위례 지역에서 고등 수학 내신과 수능을 전문으로 지도하는 수학 전문 학원입니다. '접속(接續·Connect)'이라는 이름처럼 수학 개념과 문제, 학생과 실력을 자연스럽게 연결하는 수업을 지향합니다.

복정고 수학 내신은 소규모 학교 특성상 반별 학생 수가 적어 1등급 인원이 매우 적게 형성됩니다. 개념 이해를 바탕으로 한 변형 문제 풀이와 서술형 답안 작성 능력이 핵심입니다. 접속수학학원은 복정고 기출 분석을 바탕으로 개념 심화 훈련, 서술형 채점 기준에 맞는 풀이 작성, 수능 수학 연계 커리큘럼을 체계적으로 제공합니다.

종합/입시 – 서일학원

블로그: blog.naver.com/myungmun_seoil

서일학원은 성남 지역에서 복정고 학생들의 내신과 입시를 통합 관리하는 종합 입시 학원입니다. '서일(瑞日)'이라는 이름처럼 상서롭고 빛나는 날을 향해 나아가는 학생들을 이끄는 것을 지향합니다.

복정고는 혁신학교로 수행평가 비중이 높고 학생 수가 적어 내신 관리가 특히 중요한 학교입니다. 수시 학종을 목표로 하는 학생은 다양한 비교과 활동과 수행평가를 내신과 함께 챙겨야 하고, 정시를 목표로 하는 학생은 수능 실력을 꾸준히 쌓아야 합니다. 서일학원은 복정고 학생들에게 내신 기간별 과목 집중 수업, 수시 학생부 관리, 수능 대비 로드맵 설계, 정시 지원 전략까지 통합 지원합니다.

복정고 내신,

소규모 혁신학교에서 내신을 전략적으로 관리하세요

복정고는 위례 신도시 인접한 성남 수정구의 혁신학교로, 한 반 학생 수가 30명 이하인 소규모 학교입니다. 학생 수가 적은 만큼 내신 상위 등급 인원이 적어 경쟁이 촘촘하며, 수행평가 비중도 높습니다. 복정고 출제 경향을 정확히 파악한 학원을 선택하는 것이 내신 관리의 첫걸음입니다.

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

It is not only in the realm of identity creation that consumption is of significance. The manner in which particular goods or services are culturally embedded in the individual consumer's social world, for example, may determine how or why they are consumed, and tourism is no exception. Once considered the preserve of the wealthy people, it has become 'democratized' ─ an accepted and, perhaps, expected element of contemporary social life. Moreover, tourism possesses different meanings to different consumers in relation to their personal cultural context; to some, for example, it may represent spiritual refreshment, to others the fulfillment of dreams or fantasies. Equally, tourism may be consumed as a means of experiencing a (temporary) social world with other tourists; it may be purposefully consumed in expectation of shared experiences.

① Consumption holds significance beyond its role in constructing personal identities.

② Tourism was once accessible only to wealthy individuals before it became more widely available.

③ Tourism carries varying significance for different consumers depending on their cultural backgrounds.

④ Tourism is exclusively consumed for the purpose of fulfilling individual dreams and personal fantasies.

⑤ Shared experiences with fellow tourists can motivate the purposeful consumption of tourism.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 논지 중 하나는 관광이 다양한 의미와 목적을 가진다는 것이다. 지문은 관광의 여러 가지 소비 동기를 열거하면서 그 다양성을 강조한다.

지문은 관광의 의미를 "tourism possesses different meanings to different consumers"라고 서술한 뒤, 구체적 예시로 영적 재충전, 꿈이나 환상의 실현, 다른 관광객과의 공유 경험 등을 나열한다. 즉, 꿈과 환상의 실현은 관광의 여러 의미 중 하나일 뿐이다.

따라서 관광이 "오직(exclusively)" 개인적 꿈과 환상의 실현을 위해서만 소비된다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문이 제시한 다양한 소비 동기를 하나로 축소한 왜곡이다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 관광이 소비자에 따라 "다른 의미(different meanings)"를 가지며, 꿈과 환상의 실현은 그중 하나의 예시에 불과하다고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 관광이 "오직(exclusively)" 꿈과 환상의 실현을 위해서만 소비된다고 서술하여 다양한 동기를 하나로 축소했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 20 변형문제는 총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 20(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

It is not only in the realm of identity creation that consumption is of significance. The manner in which particular goods or services are culturally embedded in the individual consumer's social world, for example, may determine how or why they are consumed, and tourism is no exception. Once considered the preserve of the wealthy people, it has become 'democratized' ─ an accepted and, perhaps, expected element of contemporary social life. Moreover, tourism possesses different meanings to different consumers in relation to their personal cultural context; to some, for example, it may represent spiritual refreshment, to others the fulfillment of dreams or fantasies. Equally, tourism may be consumed as a means of experiencing a (temporary) social world with other tourists; it may be purposefully consumed in expectation of shared experiences.

2번 지문

Understanding art involves the establishment of linkages between areas of knowledge to which it is related. For many generations, art educators strove for subject-matter autonomy and wanted to teach art for its own sake in isolation from other subjects constituting the culture. Moreover, art often is taught in isolation from aspects of itself. Students tend to learn studio technical skills, but not the history of the media they are using, the social needs that were met by the invention of these media, or the cultural meanings expressed by the work's symbolic content. They might learn to describe works in terms of their formal elements, but rarely can they explain how these function to contribute to a work's expressive power or how the expressed content reflects the perceived realities that fit its cultural location. They may know about the effect of warm and cool colors from experiences in a painting class, but not recognize how such colors create meanings within works of art by others.

3번 지문

Since the concept of a teddy bear is very obviously not a genetically inherited trait, we can be confident that we are looking at a cultural trait. However, it is a cultural trait that seems to be under the guidance of another, genuinely biological trait: the cues that attract us to babies (high foreheads and small faces). Cute, babylike features are inherently appealing, producing a nurturing response in most humans. Teddy bears that had a more baby-like appearance ─ however slight this may have been initially ─ were thus more popular with customers. Teddy bear manufacturers obviously noticed which bears were selling best and so made more of these and fewer of the less popular models, to maximize their profits. In this way, the selection pressure built up by the customers resulted in the evolution of a more babylike bear by the manufacturers.

4번 지문

The French government utilized skiing as a part of its strategies for regional development in the post-Second World War economic reconstruction. Purpose-built ski resorts, or 'ski factories' as some tourism and recreation researchers labelled them because of their emphasis on the mass accommodation of skiers and construction from glass, concrete, and steel, were built in the late 1950s to aid regional development. The combination of demand from a growing mass leisure class and regional development opportunities has driven similar transformations in many of the world's mountain landscapes for the purpose of recreation and tourism. This development demonstrates how previously unused nature may become a resource offering economic opportunities. This process emphasizes that nature only becomes a resource when a human value is placed upon it, typically through the market, thus acquiring an instrumental value that previously did not exist.

5번 지문

A large group of psychologists and architects conducted two experiments among eight thousand college students at three institutions in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Some of the students lived in high-density towers, some in medium-density apartment blocks, and others in lower-density halls of residence. The researchers began by scattering a series of stamped addressed envelopes inside the buildings, creating the sense that the letters had been lost on the way to the mailbox. When the researchers returned four hours later, they found that 100 percent of the letters in the low-density housing were posted, 87 percent were posted in the mediumdensity blocks, and only 63 percent were posted in the high-density towers. In a different set of apartment blocks that similarly varied in density, the researchers placed boxes asking residents to donate used milk cartons for an art project. Calculating the number of cartons that were used by the residents in the blocks, they found again that high-density dwellers were less helpful. Those in low- and medium-density housing contributed 55 percent of their cartons, whereas the students in high-density housing gave only 37 percent of their cartons.

다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 선지를 고르세요.

Businesses that own enterprises and seek to market their goods and services in more than one nation are known as multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs bring employment opportunities as well as goods and services to people who otherwise would not have them. At the same time, they create major and controversial changes in the natural, economic, social, and political environments. Poorer nations are particularly vulnerable to MNCs, many of which have yearly budgets greater than some of them. For example, in 2014, each of the world's 20 largest MNCs had gross revenues of more than $161 billion, larger than all but about 50 of the 208 countries tracked by the World Bank. The financial power of these corporations enables them to exert enormous influence and makes it extremely difficult for developing nations to regulate them. In addition, like all capitalist corporations, the fundamental goal of MNCs is to return wealth to their shareholders, the vast majority of whom live in wealthy nations. Thus, most MNC profits in poorer nations contribute to the economy of wealthy nations.

① MNCs provide goods, services, and employment opportunities to people who would not otherwise have access to them.

② Multinational corporations create uniformly positive changes in the natural, economic, social, and political environments of host nations.

③ Some of the world's largest MNCs have annual revenues exceeding those of many countries tracked by the World Bank.

④ Developing countries face significant challenges in regulating multinational corporations due to their immense financial power.

⑤ MNCs generate significant yet contentious transformations in various aspects of the environments of host nations.

지문 해석

풀이 흐름

이 지문은 MNC가 가져오는 변화의 성격을 핵심적으로 다룬다. 특히 이 변화가 긍정적이기만 한지, 아니면 부정적 측면도 포함하는지를 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 MNC가 만들어내는 변화에 대해 "they create major and controversial changes"라고 명시한다. 여기서 "controversial(논란이 되는)"이라는 표현은 이 변화가 긍정적 측면만이 아니라 부정적 측면도 함께 가진 양면적 성격임을 보여준다.

따라서 MNC가 진출국의 환경에 "균일하게 긍정적인(uniformly positive)" 변화를 만들어낸다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

전체 선지 분석

핵심 문장 정리

이 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 MNC가 만들어내는 변화가 "중대하고 논란이 되는(major and controversial)" 것이라고 서술하여 양면적 성격을 밝히는 반면, ②번은 "균일하게 긍정적인(uniformly positive)" 변화라고 서술하여 부정적 측면을 완전히 제거했다.

한 줄 정리

The Makings의 DAY 19  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 5문항 모의고사 300제

DAY 19(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Businesses that own enterprises and seek to market their goods and services in more than one nation are known as multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs bring employment opportunities as well as goods and services to people who otherwise would not have them. At the same time, they create major and controversial changes in the natural, economic, social, and political environments. Poorer nations are particularly vulnerable to MNCs, many of which have yearly budgets greater than some of them. For example, in 2014, each of the world's 20 largest MNCs had gross revenues of more than $161 billion, larger than all but about 50 of the 208 countries tracked by the World Bank. The financial power of these corporations enables them to exert enormous influence and makes it extremely difficult for developing nations to regulate them. In addition, like all capitalist corporations, the fundamental goal of MNCs is to return wealth to their shareholders, the vast majority of whom live in wealthy nations. Thus, most MNC profits in poorer nations contribute to the economy of wealthy nations.

2번 지문

Play is often discounted as something for children, because it does not deal with important survival processes, because it is useless. But this is a profound misunderstanding. Play is important because it is useless; because it allows us to act not because of necessity or convenience, but in order to freely express our being. The problem, however, starts again when play becomes a profession ─ with all the external rewards and responsibilities that this entails. Musicians playing for leading symphony orchestras, or athletes playing for multimillion contracts with elite teams, no longer feel that they play to express their being. Instead, they start feeling that their skill is being used by others for their own ends. When that happens, instead of allowing for the free flow of consciousness, even play becomes part of the iron cage.

3번 지문

The idea that "complete competitors cannot coexist" was proposed by the Russian biologist G. F. Gause to explain why mathematical models of species competition always ended with one species disappearing. The competitive exclusion principle, as it is called, states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche for long. The one that is more efficient in using available resources will exclude the other. However, when two species differentiate their niches, they tend to compete less strongly, and are thus more likely to coexist. We call this process of niche evolution "resource partitioning." Partitioning can allow several species to utilize different parts of the same resource and coexist within a single habitat. Species can specialize in time, too. Swallows and insectivorous bats both catch insects, but some insect species are active during the day and others at night, providing noncompetitive feeding opportunities for day-active swallows and night-active bats.

4번 지문

Obviously, plants are not considered important enough to be classified properly. Even at a regular supermarket, one can see that other food departments have more detailed classifications. The meat department is divided into poultry, fish, and red meat. Nobody would ever classify cheese and meat together in one "sandwich food" department because it would be inconvenient and unclear. Yet, this kind of confusion and error continually occurs in the produce section. Some of these errors are quite serious ─ to such a degree that they could cause health problems. For example, placing starch roots in the same category with tomatoes could prompt customers to make improper food-combination choices, which can create fermentation and gas in our intestines.

5번 지문

Human social life originates with the evolution of parental care and the mother-infant bond. The behavior between mother and infant, and later between father and infant, is the foundation stone for adult bonding, friendliness, and love, all of which are at the heart of social organization. Unfortunately, all mammals, including humans, demonstrate ambivalence about other people. As powerfully wired as we are for social contact, so too are we wired for "xenophobia": the fear of strangers. This fear begins during the second half of the first year of life, and although it is modifiable by culture, it is never totally absent from human social relationships. This inherent conflict is probably what propelled our evolution into relatively small social groups; we needed social bonds, and yet we had to minimize our fear-arousing contact with strangers. Thus, the perfect solution is a fixed, relatively small group of familiar people. Modern urban life, of course, poses serious problems in this regard.