N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 2.- 5 건강 & 의학 변형문제

 

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2

Part 2.- 5 건강 & 의학 변형문제

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 변형문제

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해

 

 

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최상위 수능 기출문제집 N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 2 - 5. 건강 & 의학(PDF)

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

The problem of amino acid deficiency is not unique to the modern world by any means. Preindustrial humanity probably dealt with protein and amino acid insufficiency on a regular basis. Sure, large hunted animals such as mammoths provided protein and amino acids aplenty. However, living off big game in the era before refrigeration meant humans had to endure alternating periods of feast and famine. Droughts, forest fires, superstorms, and ice ages led to long stretches of difficult conditions, and starvation was a constant threat. The human inability to synthesize such basic things as amino acids certainly worsened those crises and made surviving on whatever was available that much harder. During a famine, it's not the lack of calories that is the ultimate cause of death; it's the lack of proteins and the essential amino acids they provide.

 

① Amino acid deficiency has been a challenge that existed since preindustrial times.

② Large hunted animals like mammoths served as rich sources of protein and amino acids.

③ Various natural disasters posed continuous threats to early human survival and food supply.

④ Humans are able to synthesize amino acids internally when faced with food scarcity.

⑤ The ultimate cause of death during famine is the shortage of proteins and essential amino acids.

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지문 해석

세계 대부분에서 자본주의와 자유 시장은 경제적 자원을 배분하고 경제적 산출을 장려하는 최선의 시스템으로 오늘날 받아들여지고 있다. 국가들은 사회주의와 공산주의 같은 다른 시스템을 시도했지만, 많은 경우 자유 시장으로 완전히 전환하거나 자유 시장의 요소를 채택했다. 자유 시장 시스템이 널리 수용되고 있음에도 불구하고, 시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우는 거의 없다. 정부 개입은 법률과 규제의 제정 및 집행에서부터 미국의 모기지 기관과 같은 단체를 통한 경제 직접 참여에 이르기까지 다양한 형태를 취한다. 그러나 아마도 가장 중요한 형태의 정부 개입은 중앙은행과 국가 재무부가 경기 순환의 상승과 하강을 통제하고 영향을 미치려는 시도에서 나온다.

 

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풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 구조는 "자유 시장이 최선의 시스템으로 받아들여지지만, 완전히 자유로운 시장은 거의 없다"라는 역설이다. 또한 다른 시스템을 시도한 국가들이 자유 시장 쪽으로 돌아왔다는 흐름을 정확히 파악해야 한다.

②번 선지는 두 가지 핵심 오류를 포함한다.

첫째, "Wholesale free markets constitute most of the world's economies(완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성한다)"라고 서술하지만, 지문은 "markets are rarely left entirely free(시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우는 거의 없다)"라고 명시한다.

둘째, 대안 시스템의 방향성을 뒤바꿨다. 지문은 국가들이 대안 시스템을 시도한 후 자유 시장으로 전환했다고 서술하는데, ②번은 마치 자유 시장이 기본이고 일부 국가가 대안 시스템을 도입하려다 실패했다는 구도로 읽힌다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① The majority of the world holds that capitalism is the best system for distributing resources and stimulating the production of goods and services.	✅ 일치	지문의 "In most of the world, capitalism and free markets are accepted today as constituting the best system for allocating economic resources and encouraging economic output"와 직접 대응.
② Wholesale free markets constitute most of the world's economies, but some nations have tried and failed (at least partly) to introduce alternative systems.	❌ 불일치	지문은 "markets are rarely left entirely free"라고 명시. Wholesale free markets constitute most ↔ rarely left entirely free로 정반대. 또한 지문은 국가들이 대안 시스템을 시도한 후 자유 시장으로 전환했다고 서술하지, 자유 시장이 기본인 상태에서 대안을 도입하려다 실패했다고 서술하지 않는다.
③ States that have tried other systems have either abandoned them for capitalism or integrated aspects of capitalism.	✅ 일치	지문의 "they have either switched wholesale to or adopted aspects of free markets"와 정확히 대응. abandoned = switched wholesale, integrated aspects = adopted aspects.
④ Governments may affect the economy through legislation or through direct participation in the economy, i.e., lending.	✅ 일치	지문의 "ranging from the enactment and enforcement of laws and regulations to direct participation in the economy through entities like the U.S.'s mortgage agencies"와 일치. legislation = laws and regulations, lending = mortgage agencies.
⑤ The author mentions the efforts of central banks and national treasuries to control economic cycles, but they do not address their efficacy.	✅ 일치	지문은 중앙은행과 재무부의 "attempts(시도)"를 언급하지만 그 시도가 효과적인지에 대해서는 전혀 논의하지 않는다.

 

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핵심 문장 정리

"Despite the widespread acceptance of the free-market system, markets are rarely left entirely free."

 

이 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우가 "거의 없다(rarely)"고 서술하는 반면, ②번은 "완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성한다(wholesale free markets constitute most)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

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한 줄 정리

"완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성하는" 것이 아니라, 자유 시장이 최선으로 받아들여짐에도 불구하고 "완전히 자유로운 시장은 거의 없다."

 

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The Makings의 Part 2 - 5. 건강 & 의학  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

 

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 최상위 수능 기출문제집

N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2

Part 2 - 5. 건강 & 의학(44문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

The problem of amino acid deficiency is not unique to the modern world by any means. Preindustrial humanity probably dealt with protein and amino acid insufficiency on a regular basis. Sure, large hunted animals such as mammoths provided protein and amino acids aplenty. However, living off big game in the era before refrigeration meant humans had to endure alternating periods of feast and famine. Droughts, forest fires, superstorms, and ice ages led to long stretches of difficult conditions, and starvation was a constant threat. The human inability to synthesize such basic things as amino acids certainly worsened those crises and made surviving on whatever was available that much harder. During a famine, it's not the lack of calories that is the ultimate cause of death; it's the lack of proteins and the essential amino acids they provide.

 

2번 지문

Application of Buddhist-style mindfulness to Western psychology came primarily from the research of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. He initially took on the difficult task of treating chronic-pain patients, many of whom had not responded well to traditional pain-management therapy. In many ways, such treatment seems completely paradoxical ― you teach people to deal with pain by helping them to become more aware of it! However, the key is to help people let go of the constant tension that accompanies their fighting of pain, a struggle that actually prolongs their awareness of pain. Mindfulness meditation allowed many of these people to increase their sense of well-being and to experience a better quality of life. How so? Because such meditation is based on the principle that if we try to ignore or repress unpleasant thoughts or sensations, then we only end up increasing their intensity.

 

3번 지문

The volume of Neanderthal brains ranged from 1,200 to 1,750 cc, about the same (1,200 to 1,700 cc) range as that of early and present specimens of modern Homo sapiens. This doesn't mean that they were as clever as modern human beings, since brain size is also related to muscularity and climatic conditions. People who live in colder climates tend to have larger brains, and Neanderthals lived in Eurasia during a cold period. Neanderthal skeletal bones also show that they were massive. They had short, stocky bodies; males probably weighed about 145 pounds and stood less than five feet seven inches tall. Brain volume also is correlated with heavier massive muscles and body weight in closely related species. Heinz Stephan, a German neuroanatomist, has been studying the sizes of the brains and their various parts in many species over the past forty years. His detailed measurements show that bigger muscles require bigger brains, independent of intelligence.

 

4번 지문

Wind back the clock. We've found a hormone that can rejuvenate the muscles of elderly mice. Osteocalcin ― a hormone secreted by bone ― boosts the ability of muscles to burn fuel and generate energy, researchers at Columbia University discovered. When the team injected the hormone into old mice, the animals were able to run just as far as their younger counterparts, despite being up to a year older ― a long time in mouse years. Old mice that did not receive the hormone ran about half as far. Osteocalcin levels decline with age in both mice and humans, and the team now plans to test whether the hormone can improve muscle function in people too.