N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 2.- 4 경영 & 경제 변형문제

 

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2

Part 2.- 4 경영 & 경제 변형문제

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 변형문제

N기출 영어 영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 변형문제

 

전문항 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/408/?idx=1510

 

최상위 수능 기출문제집 N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 2 - 4. 경영 & 경제(PDF)

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

In most of the world, capitalism and free markets are accepted today as constituting the best system for allocating economic resources and encouraging economic output. Nations have tried other systems, such as socialism and communism, but in many cases they have either switched wholesale to or adopted aspects of free markets. Despite the widespread acceptance of the free-market system, markets are rarely left entirely free. Government involvement takes many forms, ranging from the enactment and enforcement of laws and regulations to direct participation in the economy through entities like the U.S.'s mortgage agencies. Perhaps the most important form of government involvement, however, comes in the attempts of central banks and national treasuries to control and affect the ups and downs of economic cycles.

 

①    The majority of the world holds that capitalism is the best system for distributing resources and stimulating the production of goods and services.

② Wholesale free markets constitute most of the world’s economies, but some nations have tried and failed (at least partly) to introduce alternative systems.

③ States that have tried other systems have either abandoned them for capitalism or integrated aspects of capitalism.

④ Governments may affect the economy through legislation or through direct participation in the economy, i.e., lending.

⑤ The author mentions the efforts of central banks and national treasuries to control economic cycles, but they do not address their efficacy.

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지문 해석

세계 대부분에서 자본주의와 자유 시장은 경제적 자원을 배분하고 경제적 산출을 장려하는 최선의 시스템으로 오늘날 받아들여지고 있다. 국가들은 사회주의와 공산주의 같은 다른 시스템을 시도했지만, 많은 경우 자유 시장으로 완전히 전환하거나 자유 시장의 요소를 채택했다. 자유 시장 시스템이 널리 수용되고 있음에도 불구하고, 시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우는 거의 없다. 정부 개입은 법률과 규제의 제정 및 집행에서부터 미국의 모기지 기관과 같은 단체를 통한 경제 직접 참여에 이르기까지 다양한 형태를 취한다. 그러나 아마도 가장 중요한 형태의 정부 개입은 중앙은행과 국가 재무부가 경기 순환의 상승과 하강을 통제하고 영향을 미치려는 시도에서 나온다.

 

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풀이 흐름

이 지문의 핵심 구조는 "자유 시장이 최선의 시스템으로 받아들여지지만, 완전히 자유로운 시장은 거의 없다"라는 역설이다. 또한 다른 시스템을 시도한 국가들이 자유 시장 쪽으로 돌아왔다는 흐름을 정확히 파악해야 한다.

②번 선지는 두 가지 핵심 오류를 포함한다.

첫째, "Wholesale free markets constitute most of the world's economies(완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성한다)"라고 서술하지만, 지문은 "markets are rarely left entirely free(시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우는 거의 없다)"라고 명시한다.

둘째, 대안 시스템의 방향성을 뒤바꿨다. 지문은 국가들이 대안 시스템을 시도한 후 자유 시장으로 전환했다고 서술하는데, ②번은 마치 자유 시장이 기본이고 일부 국가가 대안 시스템을 도입하려다 실패했다는 구도로 읽힌다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① The majority of the world holds that capitalism is the best system for distributing resources and stimulating the production of goods and services.	✅ 일치	지문의 "In most of the world, capitalism and free markets are accepted today as constituting the best system for allocating economic resources and encouraging economic output"와 직접 대응.
② Wholesale free markets constitute most of the world's economies, but some nations have tried and failed (at least partly) to introduce alternative systems.	❌ 불일치	지문은 "markets are rarely left entirely free"라고 명시. Wholesale free markets constitute most ↔ rarely left entirely free로 정반대. 또한 지문은 국가들이 대안 시스템을 시도한 후 자유 시장으로 전환했다고 서술하지, 자유 시장이 기본인 상태에서 대안을 도입하려다 실패했다고 서술하지 않는다.
③ States that have tried other systems have either abandoned them for capitalism or integrated aspects of capitalism.	✅ 일치	지문의 "they have either switched wholesale to or adopted aspects of free markets"와 정확히 대응. abandoned = switched wholesale, integrated aspects = adopted aspects.
④ Governments may affect the economy through legislation or through direct participation in the economy, i.e., lending.	✅ 일치	지문의 "ranging from the enactment and enforcement of laws and regulations to direct participation in the economy through entities like the U.S.'s mortgage agencies"와 일치. legislation = laws and regulations, lending = mortgage agencies.
⑤ The author mentions the efforts of central banks and national treasuries to control economic cycles, but they do not address their efficacy.	✅ 일치	지문은 중앙은행과 재무부의 "attempts(시도)"를 언급하지만 그 시도가 효과적인지에 대해서는 전혀 논의하지 않는다.

 

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핵심 문장 정리

"Despite the widespread acceptance of the free-market system, markets are rarely left entirely free."

 

이 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 시장이 완전히 자유로운 채로 방치되는 경우가 "거의 없다(rarely)"고 서술하는 반면, ②번은 "완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성한다(wholesale free markets constitute most)"고 정반대로 서술했다.

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한 줄 정리

"완전한 자유 시장이 세계 경제의 대부분을 구성하는" 것이 아니라, 자유 시장이 최선으로 받아들여짐에도 불구하고 "완전히 자유로운 시장은 거의 없다."

 

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The Makings의 Part 2 - 4. 경영 & 경제 변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

 

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 최상위 수능 기출문제집

N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2

Part 2 - 4. 경영 & 경제(44문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

“Survivorship bias” is a common logical fallacy. We’re prone to listen to the success stories from survivors because the others aren’t around to tell the tale. A dramatic example from history is the case of statistician Abraham Wald who, during World War Ⅱ, was hired by the U.S. Air Force to determine how to make their bomber planes safer. The planes that returned tended to have bullet holes along the wings, body, and tail, and commanders wanted to reinforce those areas because they seemed to get hit most often. Wald, however, saw that the important thing was that these bullet holes had not destroyed the planes, and what needed more protection were the areas that were not hit. Those were the parts where, if a plane was struck by a bullet, it would never be seen again. His calculations based on that logic are still in use today, and they have saved many pilots.

 

2번 지문

The growing field of genetics is showing us what many scientists have suspected for years ― foods can immediately influence the genetic blueprint. This information helps us better understand that genes are under our control and not something we must obey. Consider identical twins; both individuals are given the same genes. In mid-life, one twin develops cancer, and the other lives a long healthy life without cancer. A specific gene instructed one twin to develop cancer, but in the other the same gene did not initiate the disease. One possibility is that the healthy twin had a diet that turned off the cancer gene ― the same gene that instructed the other person to get sick. For many years, scientists have recognized other environmental factors, such as chemical toxins (tobacco for example), can contribute to cancer through their actions on genes. The notion that food has a specific influence on gene expression is relatively new.

 

3번 지문

Most existing drones need to be flown by an experienced operator. Indeed, the law often requires this. Drones also need technical support and maintenance. And the people operating them would be well advised to have an understanding of the legal and safety implications of what they are up to. Hence the appeal of the “drone-in-a-box.” This is a term being applied to the offerings of several firms that aspire to sell the advantages of drones without the associated worries. The box in question is a base station that houses the drone, recharges it and transfers the data it has collected to the customer. The drone may fly autonomously, according to a preprogrammed schedule, find its way automatically to a point it is ordered to visit, or be piloted remotely by an operative of the company that supplies the system, from a control centre anywhere on the planet.

 

4번 지문

Dark matter is measurable; it is just not visible. It is invisible because it is ‘dark.’ Astronomers infer the presence of dark matter because it explains how galaxies manage to hold themselves together, how gravitational lenses work and the observed temperature distribution of hot gas seen in galaxy clusters. The conclusion is that over 80 per cent of the mass of the Universe is in a form we simply can’t see. Yet, despite its ubiquity, astronomers have no real idea what constitutes dark matter. It may include subatomic particles such as heavy neutrinos or other hypothetical particles like axions. Some of it may be locked up in objects that simply elude detection. Currently, astronomers believe most dark matter consists of new elementary particles called weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which apparently do not interact with electromagnetic radiation or atoms. They are therefore invisible to conventional means of detection.