고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 2

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 2

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 2 를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서

제작한 2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/92/?idx=762

The Makings의 2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

We usually get along best with people who we think are like us. In fact, we seek them out. It’s why places like Little Italy, Chinatown, and Koreatown exist. But I’m not just talking about race, skin color, or religion. I’m talking about people who share our values and look at the world the same way we do. As the saying goes, birds of a feather flock together. This is a very common human tendency that is rooted in how our species developed. Imagine you are walking out in a forest. You would be conditioned to avoid something unfamiliar or foreign because there is a high likelihood that it would be interested in killing you. Similarities make us relate better to other people because we think they’ll understand us on a deeper level than other people.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

Rejection is an everyday part of our lives, yet most people can’t handle it well. For many, it’s so painful that they’d rather not ask for something at all than ask and risk rejection. Yet, as the old saying goes, if you don’t ask, the answer is always no. Avoiding rejection negatively affects many aspects of your life. All of that happens only because you’re not tough enough to handle it. For this reason, consider rejection therapy. Come up with a request or an activity that usually results in a rejection. Working in sales is one such example. Asking for discounts at the stores will also work. By deliberately getting yourself rejected you’ll grow a thicker skin that will allow you to take on much more in life, thus making you more successful at dealing with unfavorable circumstances.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Generalization without specific examples that humanize writing is boring to the listener and to the reader. Who wants to read platitudes all day? Who wants to hear the words great, greater, best, smartest, finest, humanitarian, on and on and on without specific examples? Instead of using these ‘nothing words,’ leave them out completely and just describe the particulars. There is nothing worse than reading a scene in a novel in which a main character is described up front as heroic or brave or tragic or funny, while thereafter, the writer quickly moves on to something else. That’s no good, no good at all. You have to use less one word descriptions and more detailed, engaging descriptions if you want to make something real.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

Face­-to­-face interaction is a uniquely powerful — and sometimes the only — way to share many kinds of knowledge, from the simplest to the most complex. It is one of the best ways to stimulate new thinking and ideas, too. Most of us would have had difficulty learning how to tie a shoelace only from pictures, or how to do arithmetic from a book. Psychologist Mihàly Csikszentmihàlyi found, while studying high achievers, that a large number of Nobel Prize winners were the students of previous winners: they had access to the same literature as everyone else, but regular practice made a crucial difference to their creativity. Within organisations, this makes conversation both a crucial factor for high-level professional skills and the most important way of sharing everyday information.

2022년 고1

3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 1

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든  

2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 1

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 1 을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한 

2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인 하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/92/?idx=760

The Makings의 2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2022년 고1 3월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 1의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 20번)

When I was in the army, my instructors would show up in my barracks room, and the first thing they would inspect was our bed. It was a simple task, but every morning we were required to make our bed to perfection. It seemed a little ridiculous at the time, but the wisdom of this simple act has been proven to me many times over. If you make your bed every morning, you will have accomplished the first task of the day. It will give you a small sense of pride and it will encourage you to do another task and another. By the end of the day, that one task completed will have turned into many tasks completed. If you can’t do little things right, you will never do the big things right.

2번 지문(문항 번호 21번)

A job search is not a passive task. When you are searching, you are not browsing, nor are you “just looking”. Browsing is not an effective way to reach a goal you claim to want to reach. If you are acting with purpose, if you are serious about anything you chose to do, then you need to be direct, focused and whenever possible, clever. Everyone else searching for a job has the same goal, competing for the same jobs. You must do more than the rest of the herd. Regardless of how long it may take you to find and get the job you want, being proactive will logically get you results faster than if you rely only on browsing online job boards and emailing an occasional resume. Leave those activities to the rest of the sheep.

3번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

Many people view sleep as merely a “down time” when their brain shuts off and their body rests. In a rush to meet work, school, family, or household responsibilities, people cut back on their sleep, thinking it won’t be a problem, because all of these other activities seem much more important. But research reveals that a number of vital tasks carried out during sleep help to maintain good health and enable people to function at their best. While you sleep, your brain is hard at work forming the pathways necessary for learning and creating memories and new insights. Without enough sleep, you can’t focus and pay attention or respond quickly. A lack of sleep may even cause mood problems. In addition, growing evidence shows that a continuous lack of sleep increases the risk for developing serious diseases.

4번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

The whole of human society operates on knowing the future weather. For example, farmers in India know when the monsoon rains will come next year and so they know when to plant the crops. Farmers in Indonesia know there are two monsoon rains each year, so next year they can have two harvests. This is based on their knowledge of the past, as the monsoons have always come at about the same time each year in living memory. But the need to predict goes deeper than this; it influences every part of our lives. Our houses, roads, railways, airports, offices, and so on are all designed for the local climate. For example, in England all the houses have central heating, as the outside temperature is usually below 20°C, but no air­conditioning, as temperatures rarely go beyond 26°C, while in Australia the opposite is true: most houses have air­conditioning but rarely central heating.

2015년 개정 영어 I 천재(이재영)

1과 변형 문제

My Journey, My Life

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2015년 영어 I 천재(이재영) 1과 변형 문제는

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2015년 개정 영어 I 천재(이재영) 1과 변형 문제를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2015년 개정 영어 I 천재(이재영) 1과 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/49/?idx=758

The Makings의 2015년 개정 영어 I 천재(이재영)

1과 변형 문제는 총 10개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2015년 영어 I 천재(이재영) 1과 변형 문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Jihu:

Do I have a role model? Yes, I do. I think role models influence our lives in a positive way by giving us dreams, hopes, and lessons. My role model is Roald Dahl. He helped me dream of becoming a children's book author. I have read a lot of his books and loved all of them. Reading his books such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Matilda, I found myself fascinated by his interesting stories and creative characters. I especially like the messages and lessons in his books. Many of his characters are in unfortunate situations. However, they do their best to break free from their bad situations, and their dreams finally come true. I learned that we should always believe in our abilities and dreams. As a result, I became more confident and hopeful about my future. Like Roald Dahl, I want to be a writer who can have a positive influence on readers, too.

2번 지문

Hyeri:

My role model is Kim Mandeok, a female merchant during the Joseon Dynasty. The reason she's my role model is not because she earned a lot of money. I want to follow her challenging spirit and sharing mind. During her era, there were many restrictions on women's activities. In addition, she lost her parents early in life. However, she overcame all of her difficulties and created her own destiny as a merchant all by herself. That's not all. After making a large fortune, she willingly donated almost all of her wealth to her starving neighbors. I think she was a true example of noblesse oblige. I really respect her way of life. Whatever job I have in the future, I'll try to overcome the obstacles around me rather than complain about them. Above all, I want to be a person like Kim Mandeok who shared what she had with others.

3번 지문

Minjun:

I have role models, too. They are the main characters in the film Cool Runnings. The movie is about Jamaican bobsledders who hoped to win an Olympic medal. However, Jamaica is an island country where it never snows. They were laughed at by others, but that didn't stop them from trying. Every scene where they practiced riding their bobsled was really funny and touching. That may be because their situation seemed very similar to mine. Actually, I'm a cross-country ski athlete. Sometimes I feel frustrated when my colleagues and I don't get attention or support from people. However, when this happens, I motivate myself by thinking about the characters in Cool Runnings. They make me set a clearer goal and keep challenging myself. Their story ended in the film, but my story won't be over until I get an Olympic medal.

4번 지문

Saemi:

Actually, I've never thought about my role model. However, if a role model means someone who is worthy of my respect, then I have that kind of person. Her name is Lee Yura and she is one year older than me. I met her when she was a sophomore mentor at a study mentoring club. When I was a freshman, I didn't have any idea about how to study. However, she always answered my silly questions kindly, waiting for me to understand her explanations completely. In addition, once she taught me something, she made me explain it back to her in my own words. That method really helped me understand difficult concepts better. I became interested in and more confident about studying. I don't think a role model needs to be someone famous or special. Role models are not that far away. Your parents, sisters, brothers, or friends can all be role models!

2015년 개정 영어 I 천재(이재영)

2과 변형 문제

Art Around Us

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2015년 영어 I 천재(이재영) 2과 변형 문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

《A Sunday Painter Chasing His Dream》

A full moon shines brightly in the sky.

A river flows peacefully in the desert.

A gypsy woman, having no worries, falls asleep in the desert.

A lion sniffs at the woman but does not seem to attack her.

What do you think of this painting?

The Sleeping Gypsy is considered a fantastic and mysterious work. The rich and sharp colors of the painting fascinate us and its stillness makes us feel like we are actually there. However, if we study the painting carefully, we can see that it does not make sense. How can the beast not attack its prey? How come a river is in the desert? Jean Cocteau, a French poet and film director, said, "Perhaps she's dreaming of the lion and the river." Indeed, it looks like a painting of a woman who is dreaming. Now you might understand what brings a strange and mysterious atmosphere to this painting. It is the unfamiliar combination of things that exist in two different worlds, reality and fantasy. And that is why many people are attracted to this painting. The Sleeping Gypsy is one of the most representative works of Henri Rousseau (1844–1910). In fact, he was not a recognized artist from the beginning. He led a mostly unremarkable life, working as a Paris customs service officer until his late forties. However, he had a dream of becoming an artist, so he taught himself by painting on Sundays as a hobby.

2번 지문

When Rousseau first showed four paintings at the Salon exhibition in 1886, people did not respond favorably to them. The public and critics laughed at Rousseau's flat, seemingly childish style of portraying human figures. This was because the paintings did not look real. Rousseau's style was markedly different from the contemporary mainstream. One critic even said, "Monsieur Rousseau paints with his feet with a blindfold over his eyes." In spite of such harsh criticism, Rousseau never gave up his style. He continued to draw his paintings and submit them to the Salon. It was around the turn of the 20th century that Rousseau's paintings began to attract some young artists. They were bored with existing painting styles and Rousseau's paintings met their desire for a new trend. Especially, Pablo Picasso admired the strange energy of Rousseau's paintings because they looked unfamiliar and mysterious.

3번 지문

Some of the most well-known of Rousseau's paintings are a series of jungle paintings. Rousseau produced twenty-six jungle paintings in the final six years of his life. In fact, he had never traveled outside of France or seen a jungle. Then how did he create his jungle scenes? It was from illustrated books and botanical gardens that he received inspiration. He frequently visited the Jardin des Plantes (Garden of Plants), a combined zoo and botanical garden in Paris. Whenever he went there, he observed a lot of exotic animals and plants. Rousseau said of his visits, "When I am in these hothouses and see the strange plants from exotic lands, it seems to me that I am entering a dream." In this way, he created his own mysterious jungle paintings where reality and fantasy coexist. Did you enjoy Rousseau's paintings? He was one of the painters who received harsh criticism during their lifetime. However, he never stopped painting and developing his unique style. He chased his dream to become an artist while living as a customs officer and he created many dreamlike works that went beyond custom and tradition. The mix of fantasy and reality in his paintings inspired later artists and, thus, he became known as "The Grandfather of Naive Painting and Surrealism." Why don't you pursue your dream as Rousseau did?

2015년 개정 영어 비상(홍민표) 8과 변형 문제

Where Sound, Color and Letters Meet

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2015년 개정 영어 비상(홍민표) 8과의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

A piece of work in one field can inspire artists in another field to create something new. Music can inspire a painter to create a visual representation of something he or she has heard. Likewise, a painting can inspire a musician to create music in which you can almost see different colors and shapes. Furthermore, lines from a novel or a poem can inspire painters or musicians to create visual or auditory art that gives life to a story. These interactions between artists can have unexpected results, producing works of art that have strong visual, auditory or emotional influences on people.

2번 지문

Music Drawn on the Canvas

Music has played a key role in the creation of some artwork. The influence of music on the visual arts can be best seen with the expressionist painter Wassily Kandinsky. Kandinsky studied law and economics and was successful in his law career. However, in his early 30's, he had an unusual visual experience while looking at Monet's Haystacks. He also was influenced by the melody of Wagner's Lohengrin. "I saw all my colors before my eyes," he said. He felt as if wild and powerful lines appeared in front of him. As a result, he gave up his law career to study painting. For Kandinsky, music and color were closely tied together. In his paintings, for example, yellow is linked with the sound of the trumpet and blue with that of the cello. In addition, certain shapes in his paintings were associated with particular feelings. The triangle represents aggressive feelings and the square calm moods. Each time he stroked the canvas with his brush, he might have intended to turn a series of musical notes into visual forms.

3번 지문

Melodies Reflecting Colors and Shapes

Musicians have also found inspiration from painters and their works of art. Modest Mussorgsky was a composer who is famous for his descriptions of colors in his music. One of his most frequently performed piano works, Pictures at an Exhibition, was composed in his efforts to capture what he felt about the paintings of an artist friend named Viktor Hartmann, who died at the early age of 39. After visiting a memorial exhibition of Hartmann's works, Mussorgsky composed a piano suite in 10 movements to describe each of Hartmann's paintings displayed at the exhibition. Anyone who listens to the movements can associate the melodies with what they see in Hartmann's paintings. While Mussorgsky was writing the melodies, he must have wanted to translate the stories in the paintings into his musical language.

4번 지문

Words Living in Melodies and Images

A novel or a play often inspires musicians and painters. For example, Felix Mendelssohn was inspired after reading Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, at the age of 17 and began to compose a piece of music to capture the magic and fantasy in Shakespeare's imaginary world. It became part of his famous work, A Midsummer Night's Dream. The Wedding March is one of the best known pieces from the suite. Marc Chagall, known for his use of dreamy colors, was also moved by the play and drew a painting with the same title, Midsummer Night's Dream. The figures in the painting recreate the dreamlike atmosphere of the play. Although Chagall and Mendelssohn lived in different times, they both translated Shakespeare's words and sentences into their own artistic languages. The English word "inspire" originally meant "to breathe in." Air breathed in has to be breathed out in one way or another. Kandinsky, Mussorgsky, Mendelssohn, and Chagall were great breathers because they turned their intakes into artwork that stimulates us in novel ways. Maybe, they knew we would interpret their works accordingly, noticing the melodies, colors, shapes, and the words influencing each other.

5번 지문

Street Artists Here and There

"Street corners can be powerful canvases on which artists express their talents and reach the ordinary people. They allow us to join the artists' world of imagination while walking along the streets."

Graffiti in Berlin, Germany

Drawing pictures or letters on city walls is called graffiti. The Berlin Wall in Germany was the largest graffiti canvas in the world. During the Cold War, the western side of the Wall was filled with graffiti drawn by artists from around the world, while the eastern side was kept blank. A part of the wall still remains and shows the difference between the two sides.

Flash Mobbing in São Paulo, Brazil

A flash mob is a large group of people who suddenly assemble in a public place, perform an unusual act, then quickly disappear. Teenagers of São Paulo, Brazil love to hang out in a safer environment than their home streets. Thousands of text messages invite teenagers to a shopping mall, where they enjoy themselves, singing and dancing together.

A Street installation in London, U.K.

Street installations refer to various objects set in public spaces. They are part of the streets people walk along every day. Visit Soho, London, for example, where a telephone booth lies on the street, broken in half. An artist named Banksy built it as a warning against the collapse of human interaction in the age of information.

Buskers in Seoul, Korea

Busking is defined as singing, playing a musical instrument, or performing other forms of art in public spaces, sometimes for money. Playing on many street corners near subway stations in Seoul, buskers attract visitors from around the world. As in many other countries, their performances are often highly regarded as a unique art form.

2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사

(경기도교육청) 변형 문제 4

The Makings의 2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

Because we are told that the planet is doomed, we do not register the growing number of scientific studies demonstrating the resilience of other species. For instance, climate-driven disturbances are affecting the world's coastal marine ecosystems more frequently and with greater intensity. This is a global problem that demands urgent action. Yet, as detailed in a 2017 paper in BioScience, there are also instances where marine ecosystems show remarkable resilience to acute climatic events. In a region in Western Australia, for instance, up to 90 percent of live coral was lost when ocean water temperatures rose, causing what scientists call coral bleaching. Yet in some sections of the reef surface, 44 percent of the corals recovered within twelve years. Similarly, kelp forests hammered by intense El Nino water-temperature increases recovered within five years. By studying these "bright spots," situations where ecosystems persist even in the face of major climatic impacts, we can learn what management strategies help to minimize destructive forces and nurture resilience.

2번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Brightness of sounds means much energy in higher frequencies, which can be calculated from the sounds easily. A violin has many more overtones compared to a flute and sounds brighter. An oboe is brighter than a classical guitar, and a crash cymbal brighter than a double bass. This is obvious, and indeed people like brightness. One reason is that it makes sound subjectively louder, which is part of the loudness war in modern electronic music, and in the classical music of the 19th century. All sound engineers know that if they play back a track to a musician that just has recorded this track and add some higher frequencies, the musician will immediately like the track much better. But this is a short-lived effect, and in the long run, people find such sounds too bright. So it is wise not to play back such a track with too much brightness, as it normally takes quite some time to convince the musician that less brightness serves his music better in the end.

3번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Scientists who have observed plants growing in the dark have found that they are vastly different in appearance, form, and function from those grown in the light. This is true even when the plants in the different light conditions are genetically identical and are grown under identical conditions of temperature, water, and nutrient level. Seedlings grown in the dark limit the amount of energy going to organs that do not function at full capacity in the dark, like cotyledons and roots, and instead initiate elongation of the seedling stem to propel the plant out of darkness. In full light, seedlings reduce the amount of energy they allocate to stem elongation. The energy is directed to expanding their leaves and developing extensive root systems. This is a good example of phenotypic plasticity. The seedling adapts to distinct environmental conditions by modifying its form and the underlying metabolic and biochemical processes.

4번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

In a study, Guy Mayraz, a behavioral economist, showed his experimental subjects graphs of a price rising and falling over time. The graphs were actually of past changes in the stock market, but Mayraz told people that the graphs showed recent changes in the price of wheat. He asked each person to predict where the price would move next ― and offered them a reward if their forecasts came true. But Mayraz had also divided his participants into two categories, "farmers" and "bakers". Farmers would be paid extra if wheat prices were high. Bakers would earn a bonus if wheat was cheap. So the subjects might earn two separate payments: one for an accurate forecast, and a bonus if the price of wheat moved in their direction. Mayraz found that the prospect of the bonus influenced the forecast itself. The farmers hoped and predicted that the price of wheat would rise. The bakers hoped for ― and predicted ― the opposite. They let their hopes influence their reasoning.

2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사

(경기도교육청) 변형 문제 3

The Makings의 2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

When it comes to climates in the interior areas of continents, mountains play a huge role in stopping the flow of moisture. A great example of this can be seen along the West Coast of the United States. Air moving from the Pacific Ocean toward the land usually has a great deal of moisture in it. When this humid air moves across the land, it encounters the Coast Range Mountains. As the air moves up and over the mountains, it begins to cool, which causes precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. Once the air moves down the opposite side of the mountains (called the leeward side) it has lost a great deal of moisture. The air continues to move and then hits the even higher Sierra Nevada mountain range. This second uplift causes most of the remaining moisture to fall out of the air, so by the time it reaches the leeward side of the Sierras, the air is extremely dry. The result is that much of the state of Nevada is a desert.

2번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

One vivid example of how a market mindset can transform and undermine an institution is given by Dan Ariely in his book Predictably Irrational. He tells the story of a day care center in Israel that decided to fine parents who arrived late to pick up their children, in the hope that this would discourage them from doing so. In fact, the exact opposite happened. Before the imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about arriving late, and guilt was effective in ensuring that only a few did so. Once a fine was introduced, it seems that in the minds of the parents the entire scenario was changed from a social contract to a market one. Essentially, they were paying for the center to look after their children after hours. Some parents thought it worth the price, and the rate of late arrivals increased. Significantly, once the center abandoned the fines and went back to the previous arrangement, late arrivals remained at the high level they had reached during the period of the fines.

3번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

There is a pervasive idea in Western culture that humans are essentially rational, skillfully sorting fact from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths about the world. This line of thinking holds that humans follow the rules of logic, calculate probabilities accurately, and make decisions about the world that are perfectly informed by all available information. Conversely, failures to make effective and well-informed decisions are often attributed to failures of human reasoning - resulting, say, from psychological disorders or cognitive biases. In this picture, whether we succeed or fail turns out to be a matter of whether individual humans are rational and intelligent. And so, if we want to achieve better outcomes - truer beliefs, better decisions - we need to focus on improving individual human reasoning.

4번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Regarding food production, under the British government, there was a different conception of responsibility from that of French government. In France, the responsibility for producing good food lay with the producers. The state would police their activities and, if they should fail, would punish them for neglecting the interests of its citizens. By contrast, the British government - except in extreme cases - placed most of the responsibility with the individual consumers. It would be unfair to interfere with the shopkeeper's right to make money. In the 1840s, a patent was granted for a machine designed for making fake coffee beans out of chicory, using the same technology that went into manufacturing bullets. This machine was clearly designed for the purposes of swindling, and yet the government allowed it. A machine for forging money would never have been licensed, so why this? As one consumer complained, the British system of government was weighted against the consumer in favour of the swindler.

2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사

(경기도교육청) 변형 문제2

The Makings의 2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 2021년 고2 11월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error you make when you tend to give more weight to information arriving early in a situation compared to information arriving later ― regardless of the relative quality or relevance of that initial information. Whatever data is presented to you first when you start to look at a situation can form an "anchor" and it becomes significantly more challenging to alter your mental course away from this anchor than it logically should be. A classic example of anchoring bias in emergency medicine is "triage bias," where whatever the first impression you develop, or are given, about a patient tends to influence all subsequent providers seeing that patient. For example, imagine two patients presenting for emergency care with aching jaw pain that occasionally extends down to their chest. Differences in how the intake providers label the chart - "jaw pain" vs. "chest pain," for example - create anchors that might result in significant differences in how the patients are treated.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of information, our brain has to forget in a manner that is both targeted and controlled. Can you recall, for example, your very first day of school? You most likely have one or two noteworthy images in your head, such as putting your crayons and pencils into your pencil case. But that's probably the extent of the specifics. Those additional details that are apparently unimportant are actively deleted from your brain the more you go about remembering the situation. The reason for this is that the brain does not consider it valuable to remember all of the details as long as it is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day of school was great). In fact, studies have shown that the brain actively controls regions responsible for insignificant or minor memory content that tends to disturb the main memory. Over time, the minor details vanish more and more, though this in turn serves to sharpen the most important messages of the past.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

The elements any particular animal needs are relatively predictable. They are predictable based on the past: what an animal's ancestors needed is likely to be what that animal also needs. Taste preferences, therefore, can be hardwired. Consider sodium (Na). The bodies of terrestrial vertebrates, including those of mammals, tend to have a concentration of sodium nearly fifty times that of the primary producers on land, plants. This is, in part, because vertebrates evolved in the sea and so evolved cells dependent upon the ingredients that were common in the sea, including sodium. To remedy the difference between their needs for sodium and that available in plants, herbivores can eat fifty times more plant material than they otherwise need (and eliminate the excess). Or they can seek out other sources of sodium. The salt taste receptor rewards animals for doing the latter, seeking out salt in order to satisfy their great need.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

We might think that our gut instinct is just an inner feeling- a secret interior voice - but in fact it is shaped by a perception of something visible around us, such as a facial expression or a visual inconsistency so fleeting that often we're not even aware we've noticed it. Psychologists now think of this moment as a 'visual matching game'. So a stressed, rushed or tired person is more likely to resort to this visual matching. When they see a situation in front of them, they quickly match it to a sea of past experiences stored in a mental knowledge bank and then, based on a match, they assign meaning to the information in front of them. The brain then sends a signal to the gut, which has many hundreds of nerve cells. So the visceral feeling we get in the pit of our stomach and the butterflies we feel are a result of our cognitive processing system.