수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 20회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 20회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

 

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

 

 

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https://themakings.co.kr/422/?idx=1623

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 20회(PDF)

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

Change by alternatives is supposed to be the method that works in any democracy. The opposition party puts forward an alternative policy to the governing party and if the electorate prefer the alternative they vote in the opposition at the next electoral opportunity. But, for a variety of reasons, it does not quite work that way. Any party in opposition knows that to get back into power it must not only hold its own supporters but also capture some of the floating voters or other party voters. So the alternatives get less and less different and in the end no true alternative is offered. Furthermore in a complex world the same experts make the economic analyses and so the proposed policies end up by being quite similar. In most democratic countries today it is quite hard to see the real differences in the policies offered by the opposing parties. The similarity will probably get greater as it becomes less possible to undo policies set in motion by previous governments. It is only in countries like the UK where the parties have a historical class base that differences of policy can exist.

 

① The opposition party proposes an alternative policy, and the electorate may vote for it at the next election if they prefer it.

② Parties in opposition try to appeal to floating voters as well as keeping their existing supporters in order to regain power.

③ Because each party employs its own independent analysts, the economic policies they propose tend to diverge significantly over time.

④ In most democracies today, it is very difficult to identify genuine policy differences between competing political parties.

⑤ Policy differences can still be found in nations where political parties are rooted in distinct class traditions, as in the UK.

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지문 해석

대안에 의한 변화는 어떤 민주주의에서든 작동한다고 여겨지는 방법이다. 야당은 여당에 대한 대안 정책을 제시하고, 유권자가 대안을 선호하면 다음 선거 기회에 야당에 투표한다. 그러나 다양한 이유로 실제로는 그렇게 작동하지 않는다. 야당은 권력을 되찾으려면 자신의 지지자를 유지할 뿐만 아니라 부동층이나 다른 당 지지자도 포섭해야 한다는 것을 안다. 그래서 대안들은 점점 덜 달라지고 결국 진정한 대안이 제시되지 않는다. 더 나아가, 복잡한 세계에서 같은 전문가들이 경제 분석을 하므로 제안되는 정책은 결국 상당히 유사해진다. 오늘날 대부분의 민주주의 국가에서 대립하는 정당들이 제시하는 정책의 진정한 차이를 보기는 상당히 어렵다. 이전 정부가 시작한 정책을 되돌리는 것이 점점 불가능해지면서 유사성은 아마 더 커질 것이다. 정당이 역사적인 계급적 기반을 가진 영국 같은 나라에서만 정책의 차이가 존재할 수 있다.

 

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풀이 흐름

 

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "민주주의에서 야당과 여당의 정책이 점점 유사해진다"는 것이다. 특히 정책이 유사해지는 원인 중 하나로 경제 분석을 담당하는 전문가의 동일성을 제시하는 부분을 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 "in a complex world the same experts make the economic analyses and so the proposed policies end up by being quite similar"라고 명시한다. 즉, "같은 전문가들(the same experts)"이 분석을 하기 때문에 정책이 "상당히 유사해진다(quite similar)"는 것이다.

따라서 각 정당이 "자체적으로 독립적인 분석가(its own independent analysts)"를 고용하기 때문에 정책이 시간이 지나면서 "크게 달라지는 경향이 있다(tend to diverge significantly)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 전문가의 동일성과 정책의 수렴이라는 지문의 논지를 두 가지 모두 정반대로 뒤집은 것이다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① The opposition party proposes an alternative policy, and the electorate may vote for it at the next election if they prefer it.	✅ 일치	지문의 "The opposition party puts forward an alternative policy... if the electorate prefer the alternative they vote in the opposition"과 직접 대응.
② Parties in opposition try to appeal to floating voters as well as keeping their existing supporters in order to regain power.	✅ 일치	지문의 "it must not only hold its own supporters but also capture some of the floating voters or other party voters"와 정확히 대응. appeal to = capture.
③ Because each party employs its own independent analysts, the economic policies they propose tend to diverge significantly over time.	❌ 불일치	지문은 "the same experts make the economic analyses and so the proposed policies end up by being quite similar"라고 명시. its own independent analysts ↔ the same experts, diverge significantly ↔ quite similar로 전문가의 동일성/독립성과 정책의 수렴/발산 모두 정반대.
④ In most democracies today, it is very difficult to identify genuine policy differences between competing political parties.	✅ 일치	지문의 "In most democratic countries today it is quite hard to see the real differences in the policies offered by the opposing parties"와 직접 대응. very difficult = quite hard.
⑤ Policy differences can still be found in nations where political parties are rooted in distinct class traditions, as in the UK.	✅ 일치	지문의 "It is only in countries like the UK where the parties have a historical class base that differences of policy can exist"와 정확히 대응. rooted in class traditions = historical class base.

 

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핵심 문장 정리

"In a complex world the same experts make the economic analyses and so the proposed policies end up by being quite similar."

 

이 문장이 ③번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 "같은 전문가들(the same experts)"이 분석을 하기 때문에 정책이 "상당히 유사해진다(quite similar)"고 서술하는 반면, ③번은 각 정당이 "자체 독립적 분석가(its own independent analysts)"를 고용하여 정책이 "크게 달라진다(diverge significantly)"고 전문가의 동일성과 정책의 수렴 방향 모두를 정반대로 서술했다.

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한 줄 정리

각 정당이 "독립적인 분석가를 고용하여 정책이 크게 달라지는" 것이 아니라, "같은 전문가들"이 분석을 하기 때문에 제안되는 정책이 "상당히 유사해진다."

 

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The Makings의 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 20회 변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제의

20회(110문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

Change by alternatives is supposed to be the method that works in any democracy. The opposition party puts forward an alternative policy to the governing party and if the electorate prefer the alternative they vote in the opposition at the next electoral opportunity. But, for a variety of reasons, it does not quite work that way. Any party in opposition knows that to get back into power it must not only hold its own supporters but also capture some of the floating voters or other party voters. So the alternatives get less and less different and in the end no true alternative is offered. Furthermore in a complex world the same experts make the economic analyses and so the proposed policies end up by being quite similar. In most democratic countries today it is quite hard to see the real differences in the policies offered by the opposing parties. The similarity will probably get greater as it becomes less possible to undo policies set in motion by previous governments. It is only in countries like the UK where the parties have a historical class base that differences of policy can exist.

 

2번 지문

One aspect of diversity in psychology lies in the wide range of people that psychologists study and serve. This is significant because most psychologists once assumed that all people were very much alike and that whatever principles emerged from research or treatment efforts with one group would apply to everyone, everywhere. They were partly right, because people around the world are alike in many ways. They tend to live in groups, have religious beliefs and create rules, music, dances, and games. The principles of nerve cell activity or reactions to heat or a sour taste are the same in men and women everywhere, as is their recognition of a smile. However, not all people's moral values, achievement motivation or communication styles are the same. These and many other aspects of behaviour and mental processes are affected by sociocultural factors, including people's gender, ethnicity, social class, and the culture in which they grow up. These variables create many significant differences in behaviour and mental processes, especially from one culture to another.

 

3번 지문

If you happen to have a parole hearing coming up, make sure it's first thing in the morning or right after lunchtime. According to a study, judges on parole boards tend to grant parole more often when they are most refreshed. Investigating a large set of parole rulings in Israel, the researchers found that parole boards were more likely to grant parole during their first cases of the day and just after their lunch breaks. Why? The usual decision of parole boards is not to grant parole. But it seems that when the judges felt rested, which was first thing in the morning or after just having eaten and taken a break, they had an increased ability to ignore their standard decision, make a more effortful decision, and grant parole. But over the many difficult decisions of the day, as their cognitive burden was escalating, they opted for the simpler choice of not granting parole.

 

4번 지문

Without universality there could be no science of any kind. An individual is only itself and cannot explain anything else. It cannot even explain itself! Even though a medical doctor applies her general knowledge to a particular patient, she must know what is common to all possible cases of the same type. Imagine she spent four years in her medical school studying one and only one patient. She would be fine if the only patient she ever had to treat were that one case. But imagine what would happen as soon as a different patient walked into her office. She would be totally helpless in dealing with the new body and would either have to give up her practice or return to medical school to learn about other cases.

 

5번 지문

Color defines our world and our emotions. It is usually seen before imagery. Our eyes are attracted to color to such an extent that the color of an object is perceived before the details imparted by its shapes and lines. At first glance, we do not see the different species of trees present in a summer woodland, but rather see the preponderance of green. The artist, architect, and designer, however, are generally concerned with having color and imagery perceived simultaneously. Upon entering a room, we first see the color or colors used in the interior design and then discern the furnishings and artifacts contained within the space. An artwork, be it fine or commercial, is aesthetically pleasing to the viewer when its color usage allows the viewer to see the content of the piece (both color and imagery) together. When this is accomplished, a work's message is conveyed immediately, without a "second look" on the part of the viewer.

 

6번 지문

Richard Dufour believed that principals should lead through shared vision and collective commitments rather than through rules and authority. Contracts are necessary, but results are more important. As a principal, don't become too obsessed with enforcing every policy and rule. If teachers, staff, and principals followed the contract to the letter, we might have trouble getting much accomplished. For example, letting employees leave a few minutes early on an occasional Friday after an evening program the night before helps to build a positive relationship with staff. It sends a message to employees that you appreciate their participation the night before and will let them leave after the students are gone for the day. Most employees are already doing more than what the contract demands. Principals need to be aware and occasionally reciprocate in return. In short, effective leaders should be able to respond with flexibility to any particular situation.

 

7번 지문

The quality of entertainment is often measured by an audience to the degree that it invokes an emotional response among that audience ─ this leads to opinion. The degree to which we are emotionally affected by entertainment typically influences our opinion of how good or bad we think it is. If after watching a stand-up comedian a member of the audience stated 'that was really funny', it would suggest that the person thought the comedian was good, which contains a suggestion of recommendation. By watching a show that is 'labelled' a comedy, this person expected to feel positive emotions, including happiness, amusement, and joy. These emotions are then physically transformed by the audience into laughter and applause; a comedian that doesn't invoke an emotional response among the audience that results in laughter and applause is usually considered as being 'not funny' and therefore a 'poor' comedian ─ or low quality entertainment in the opinion of that audience.

 

8번 지문

According to Greek mythology, the Oracle at Delphi was consulted to gauge the risk of waging a war. In modern times, the term Delphi refers to a group survey technique for combining the opinions of several people to develop a collective judgment. The technique comprises a series of structured questions and feedback reports. Each respondent is given a series of questions (e.g., what are the five most significant risks in this project?), to which he writes his opinions and reasons. The opinions of everyone surveyed are summarized in a report and returned to the respondents, who then have the opportunity to modify their opinions. Because the written responses are kept anonymous, no one feels pressured to conform to anyone else's opinion. If people change their opinions, they must explain the reasons why; if they don't, they must also explain why. The process continues until the group reaches a collective opinion. Studies have proven the technique to be an effective way of reaching consensus.

 

9번 지문

Why did mass extinctions not occur in the plant kingdom? The answer to this question reveals something about the versatility of plants and why they are so successful. Most animal species are very mobile, and if their habitat becomes less suitable for survival, they can simply move to a new region. However, if the changes are far-reaching, it may not be within the organism's capacity to move beyond the stressed habitat and death or extinction is likely. These major extinction events are all likely to have been global disasters resulting in major changes in the world's climate; therefore, escape would have been impossible. Plants, however, have always had to tolerate the inconvenience of not being able to move; therefore they have evolved to be adaptable to survive local disasters. These survival mechanisms appear to have been so effective that even after global disasters plants appear to have bounced back very rapidly.

 

10번 지문

For an intriguing field experiment, two Swedish economists visited a regional blood center in Gothenburg and found 153 women who were interested in giving blood. Then researchers divided the women into three groups. Experimenters told those in the first group that they wouldn't receive a payment. The experimenters offered the second group a different arrangement. If these participants gave blood, they'd each receive 50 Swedish kronor (about $7). The third group received a variation on that second offer: a 50-kronor payment with an immediate option to donate the amount to a children's cancer charity. Of the first group, 52 percent of the women decided to donate blood. And the second group? In this group, only 30 percent of the women decided to give blood. Meanwhile, the third group which had the option of donating the fee directly to charity responded much the same as the first group. Fifty-three percent became blood donors. Doing good is what blood donation is all about. It provides a feeling that the American Red Cross brochures say money can't buy. That's why unpaid volunteers invariably increase during natural disasters and other calamities.