수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 18회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 18회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

 

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수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 18회(PDF)

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

In school, students rarely learn to view disagreements among scientists as a natural part of the progress of science; most textbooks are written as if science is a set of truths to be memorized. Teachers, especially in America, are under enormous pressure to cover a large number of unrelated science topics each year to prepare their students for accountability tests, which generally measure students' ability to recall facts. When breadth is emphasized over depth, there simply is not time to discuss how the scientific ideas came to be. There is barely time to help students grasp the meaning of the ideas themselves. On the rare occasions when students are exposed to historical ideas about science, those ideas tend to be dismissed with minimal discussion of why they were replaced, or why scientists held them in the first place. Students are left with the impression that scientists held some silly ideas in the past, but now they have them all figured out, and today's scientific theories are true.

 

① Most textbooks present science as though it were a collection of established facts that students should commit to memory.

② Teachers face considerable pressure to address a wide variety of unrelated science subjects within a single academic year.

③ Accountability tests primarily assess students' ability to comprehend and apply scientific principles to unfamiliar contexts.

④ The emphasis on breadth in science education leaves insufficient time for exploring how scientific ideas originated.

⑤ Students tend to develop the belief that today's scientific theories represent definitive and settled truths.

 

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지문 해석

학교에서 학생들은 과학자들 사이의 의견 불일치를 과학 진보의 자연스러운 부분으로 보는 법을 거의 배우지 못한다. 대부분의 교과서는 과학이 암기해야 할 진리의 집합인 것처럼 쓰여 있다. 교사들, 특히 미국의 교사들은 매년 많은 수의 관련 없는 과학 주제를 다뤄야 한다는 엄청난 압박을 받는데, 이는 학생들을 일반적으로 사실을 기억하는 능력을 측정하는 책무성 시험에 대비시키기 위해서이다. 깊이보다 넓이가 강조되면, 과학적 아이디어가 어떻게 생겨났는지 논의할 시간이 단순히 없다. 아이디어 자체의 의미를 학생들이 파악하도록 돕기에도 겨우 시간이 된다. 학생들이 과학에 대한 역사적 아이디어에 드물게 노출되는 경우에도, 그 아이디어들은 왜 대체되었는지, 또는 과학자들이 왜 처음에 그런 견해를 가졌는지에 대한 최소한의 논의만으로 무시되는 경향이 있다. 학생들은 과학자들이 과거에 어리석은 아이디어를 가지고 있었지만, 이제 모든 것을 알아냈고, 오늘날의 과학 이론은 참이라는 인상을 받게 된다.

 

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풀이 흐름

 

이 지문은 미국 과학 교육의 문제점을 비판하면서, 특히 책무성 시험(accountability tests)이 측정하는 능력이 무엇인지를 명확히 밝힌다.

지문은 "accountability tests, which generally measure students' ability to recall facts"라고 명시한다. 즉, 이 시험들이 측정하는 것은 "사실을 기억하는(recall facts)" 능력이다.

따라서 책무성 시험이 주로 학생들의 "과학적 원리를 이해하고 낯선 맥락에 적용하는 능력(ability to comprehend and apply scientific principles to unfamiliar contexts)"을 평가한다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① Most textbooks present science as though it were a collection of established facts that students should commit to memory.	✅ 일치	지문의 "most textbooks are written as if science is a set of truths to be memorized"와 직접 대응. established facts = truths, commit to memory = memorized.
② Teachers face considerable pressure to address a wide variety of unrelated science subjects within a single academic year.	✅ 일치	지문의 "Teachers... are under enormous pressure to cover a large number of unrelated science topics each year"와 정확히 대응. considerable = enormous, wide variety = large number.
③ Accountability tests primarily assess students' ability to comprehend and apply scientific principles to unfamiliar contexts.	❌ 불일치	지문은 "accountability tests, which generally measure students' ability to recall facts"라고 명시. comprehend and apply to unfamiliar contexts ↔ recall facts로 측정하는 능력이 완전히 다르다. 이해와 적용이 아니라 단순 사실 기억을 측정한다.
④ The emphasis on breadth in science education leaves insufficient time for exploring how scientific ideas originated.	✅ 일치	지문의 "When breadth is emphasized over depth, there simply is not time to discuss how the scientific ideas came to be"와 직접 대응. insufficient time = not time, originated = came to be.
⑤ Students tend to develop the belief that today's scientific theories represent definitive and settled truths.	✅ 일치	지문의 "Students are left with the impression that... now they have them all figured out, and today's scientific theories are true"와 정확히 대응. definitive and settled = all figured out.

 

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핵심 문장 정리

"Accountability tests, which generally measure students' ability to recall facts."

 

이 문장이 ③번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 책무성 시험이 학생들의 "사실을 기억하는 능력(ability to recall facts)"을 측정한다고 서술하는 반면, ③번은 "과학적 원리를 이해하고 낯선 맥락에 적용하는 능력(ability to comprehend and apply scientific principles to unfamiliar contexts)"을 평가한다고 서술하여, 시험이 측정하는 인지 능력의 수준을 완전히 다르게 왜곡했다.

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한 줄 정리

책무성 시험은 학생들의 "과학적 원리를 이해하고 적용하는 능력"을 평가하는 것이 아니라 "사실을 기억하는 능력"을 측정한다.

 

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The Makings의 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

18회 변형문제는 총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제의

18회(110문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

In school, students rarely learn to view disagreements among scientists as a natural part of the progress of science; most textbooks are written as if science is a set of truths to be memorized. Teachers, especially in America, are under enormous pressure to cover a large number of unrelated science topics each year to prepare their students for accountability tests, which generally measure students' ability to recall facts. When breadth is emphasized over depth, there simply is not time to discuss how the scientific ideas came to be. There is barely time to help students grasp the meaning of the ideas themselves. On the rare occasions when students are exposed to historical ideas about science, those ideas tend to be dismissed with minimal discussion of why they were replaced, or why scientists held them in the first place. Students are left with the impression that scientists held some silly ideas in the past, but now they have them all figured out, and today's scientific theories are true.

 

2번 지문

In general, searching online for health information can be valid, eye-opening, educational, and even useful. While many doctors roll their eyes when they hear, "I did my research," from a patient, sometimes that research can be sound. If a patient has a rare disease and presents articles about it, many of us will be grateful that we were saved some extra work. But the Web becomes entangled when sites angled with opinions, personal anecdotes, exaggeration, and false claims manipulate the navigator to believe what is posted. People also run into trouble when looking for information online based on preconceived notions. Here comes the Curse of the Original Belief. If you believe that megadosing on vitamin C will prevent colds, you will seek out (and easily find) sites promoting this notion. If you think that juice cleanses are the way to better health and well-being, it's easy to find websites supporting this. If delaying vaccines is your cup of tea, online sources abound. If you're debating whether to eat only organic food, plenty of available information will support this.

 

3번 지문

For nearly two centuries, people in the United States have plowed or paved over the nation's swamps and marshes. Rich wetland soils make highly productive farmlands, and sites near large rivers or the coast are desirable locations for development. These mysterious ecosystems are also home to creatures many people think of as undesirable, such as crocodiles and mosquitoes, which provides another reason to eliminate them. California has lost over 90% of its wetlands. Now, nearly two-thirds of the state's native fish are extinct, endangered, threatened, or in decline. Forested riparian wetlands near the Mississippi River once had the capacity to store about 60 days of river discharge but now can store only about 12 days. Researchers say that the flooding of the Gulf of Mexico coast from Hurricane Katrina in 2005 would have been much less extensive had the region not lost so much of its wetlands in the past century. Without wetlands, pollutants make their way more readily to streams, lakes, and the oceans.

 

4번 지문

Peter Gollwitzer and colleague Veronika Brandstatter found that using action triggers is quite an effective way to motivate action. Their study showed that a specific psychological commitment can function as a strong action trigger. In one study, they tracked college students who had the option to earn extra credit in a class by writing a paper about how they spent Christmas Eve. But there was a catch: to earn the credit, they had to hand in the paper by December 26. Most students had good intentions of writing the paper, but only 33 percent of them took some time for writing and submitting it. Other students in the study were required to set action triggers ─ to note, in advance, exactly when and where they intended to write the report (for example, "I'll write this report in the living room on Christmas morning before everyone gets up"). An impressive 75 percent of those students wrote the report. That's a pretty astonishing result for such a small mental investment.

 

5번 지문

How often do we think about the air we breathe, the water we drink, or the soil our agribusiness conglomerates plant our vegetables in? Not often enough. The typical attitude toward natural resources is often deliberate ignorance. Only when someone must wait in line for hours to fill the car gas tank does gasoline become a concern. Only when people can see ─ and smell ─ the air they breathe and cough when they inhale does air become a visible resource. Water, the universal solvent, causes no concern (and very little thought) until shortages occur, or until it is so foul that nothing can live in it or drink it. Only when we lack water or the quality is poor do we think of water as a resource to "worry" about. Is soil a resource or is it "dirt"? Unless you farm, or plant a garden, soil is only "dirt." Whether you pay any heed to the soil/dirt debate depends on what you use soil for ─ and on how hungry you are.

 

6번 지문

It is a mistake for psychotherapists to assume that the images encountered by the patient during a therapy session can be directly translated to meaning. There is important context behind each image which is connected with the individual's personal and cultural history, as well as by where, when, and how the image was created. James Hillman, a leading psychotherapist, believes that images do not need to be interpreted, because it is the image itself which is important and contains the deepest meaning. Patients need the image, not an explanation about the image, to help them on their path. In other words, images demand respect not analysis! This must be kept in mind at all times when helping others to use their imagination. We can encourage others to talk about their images and meditate on their images, but should resist any temptation to offer our own interpretations of the images.

 

7번 지문

Coaches must understand that when they make a strategy decision, it is a good or bad decision at the time it is made based on the players' abilities, the situation, and the percentages, not on whether the play was successful or unsuccessful! Coaches make decisions based on all the factors available to them, and then the players have to execute the play called by the coach. How the players perform their skills on a particular play has nothing to do with the wisdom of the coach's decision. The coach must make his decision before he knows how the players will perform (known as first guessing), but the fans, parents, and media have the luxury of waiting until a play is over and then determining if the decision was a good or bad one (known as second guessing). Fans, parents, and the media are therefore never wrong on a strategy decision!

 

8번 지문

Your trash that cannot be recycled or repurposed in some way will need to go in the regular garbage and will likely end up in a landfill. This garbage should normally be all dry and fit in a small bag, or if possible in your area, directly in a trash bin with no bag at all. You may think that a compostable garbage bag would be the best way to dispose of this rubbish, but the best is really not to use a bag at all if possible. The reason is that landfills are not meant to encourage decomposition. They are dry and anaerobic spaces that essentially "mummify" anything contained in them, including plastic. Until it is full and closed, any decomposition that does occur in a landfill creates undesirable methane, a heat-trapping greenhouse gas that is roughly thirty times stronger than carbon dioxide. The release of this material from open landfills contributes to global warming, and thus climate change. Of course, the best is to minimize your waste so you are not sending anything to landfills.

 

9번 지문

Throughout the nineteenth century, many Americans grew a substantial portion of their own food on farms or in gardens. Small general stores catered to those who lived in small communities or who desired luxuries unavailable locally. Food was sold mainly as a generic product measured out from unmarked barrels, sacks, and jars. This changed as food production was industrialized. Following the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, food processors and manufacturers prospered as agricultural surpluses flooded the market and technology lowered the cost of production. The result was the rise of large food manufacturers, who needed to persuade consumers of the superiority of branded products over generic groceries. To accomplish this, food companies began advertising their products regionally and nationally through newspapers and magazines, and locally via circulars, billboards, and in-store promotions. Food advertising became a major source of American opinion and action regarding what, when, and how to eat.

 

10번 지문

Politics cannot be suppressed, whichever policy process is employed and however sensitive and respectful of differences it might be. In other words, there is no end to politics. It is wrong to think that proper institutions, knowledge, methods of consultation, or participatory mechanisms can make disagreement go away. Theories of all sorts promote the view that there are ways by which disagreement can be processed or managed so as to make it disappear. The assumption behind those theories is that disagreement is wrong and consensus is the desirable state of things. In fact, consensus rarely comes without some forms of subtle coercion, and the absence of fear in expressing a disagreement is a source of genuine freedom. Debates cause disagreements to evolve, often for the better, but a positively evolving debate does not have to equal a reduction in disagreement. The suppression of disagreement should never be made into a goal in political deliberation. A defense is required against any suggestion that political disagreement is not the normal state of things.