수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 15회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 15회 변형문제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제

 

 

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수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 15회(PDF)

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

It is important to keep in mind that we perform experiments every single day when we do things as simple as introducing ourselves to someone new or trying a new food. As a result, we get lots of opportunities to practice responding to unexpected results and learning from each one of them. Trained scientists know this well and, therefore, do their best to design experiments that answer an important question, no matter what the specific results. They know that each experiment offers valuable clues on the path to understanding. As the saying goes, "Genius is the ability to make the most mistakes in the shortest period of time." Each of those mistakes provides experimental data and an opportunity to learn something new. Like scientists, we need to stop looking at unexpected results as failures. By changing our vocabulary, by looking at "failures" as "data," we can enhance everyone's willingness to experiment.

 

①    Everyday activities like meeting new people or trying new food can be considered as experiments.

② Trained scientists design experiments primarily to confirm their expected outcomes.

③ Each mistake made in experiments offers data and an opportunity for new learning.

④ Changing how we label unexpected outcomes can increase people's willingness to try new things.

⑤ The saying about genius highlights the value of making numerous mistakes in a short time.

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지문 해석

우리가 새로운 사람에게 자신을 소개하거나 새로운 음식을 시도하는 것처럼 단순한 일을 할 때도 매일 실험을 수행한다는 것을 명심하는 것이 중요하다. 그 결과, 우리는 예상치 못한 결과에 대응하고 각각으로부터 배우는 것을 연습할 기회를 많이 얻는다. 훈련된 과학자들은 이것을 잘 알고 있으며, 따라서 구체적인 결과가 무엇이든 간에 중요한 질문에 답하는 실험을 설계하기 위해 최선을 다한다. 그들은 각 실험이 이해를 향한 길에서 귀중한 단서를 제공한다는 것을 안다. 격언처럼, "천재성은 가장 짧은 시간에 가장 많은 실수를 할 수 있는 능력이다." 그 실수들 각각은 실험 데이터와 새로운 것을 배울 기회를 제공한다. 과학자들처럼, 우리는 예상치 못한 결과를 실패로 보는 것을 멈춰야 한다. 어휘를 바꾸어 "실패"를 "데이터"로 봄으로써, 모든 사람의 실험 의지를 높일 수 있다.

 

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풀이 흐름

 

이 지문의 핵심 논지는 "실험의 가치는 특정 결과에 있지 않고, 어떤 결과든 학습의 기회가 된다"는 것이다. 특히 훈련된 과학자들이 실험을 설계하는 목적을 정확히 파악하는 것이 핵심이다.

지문은 "do their best to design experiments that answer an important question, no matter what the specific results"라고 서술한다. 즉, 과학자들은 구체적인 결과가 무엇이든 간에(no matter what) 중요한 질문에 답하는 실험을 설계한다. 이는 예상된 결과를 확인하기 위한 것이 아니라, 어떤 결과든 가치 있는 답을 얻기 위한 것이다. 따라서 훈련된 과학자들이 "주로 예상된 결과를 확인하기 위해(primarily to confirm their expected outcomes)" 실험을 설계한다고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문과 정면으로 모순된다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① Everyday activities like meeting new people or trying new food can be considered as experiments.	✅ 일치	지문의 "we perform experiments every single day when we do things as simple as introducing ourselves to someone new or trying a new food"와 직접 대응.
② Trained scientists design experiments primarily to confirm their expected outcomes.	❌ 불일치	지문은 "do their best to design experiments that answer an important question, no matter what the specific results"라고 명시. primarily to confirm expected outcomes ↔ no matter what the specific results로 정반대. 과학자들은 예상 결과를 확인하기 위해서가 아니라 결과에 관계없이 중요한 질문에 답하기 위해 실험을 설계한다.
③ Each mistake made in experiments offers data and an opportunity for new learning.	✅ 일치	지문의 "Each of those mistakes provides experimental data and an opportunity to learn something new"와 정확히 대응.
④ Changing how we label unexpected outcomes can increase people's willingness to try new things.	✅ 일치	지문의 "By changing our vocabulary, by looking at 'failures' as 'data,' we can enhance everyone's willingness to experiment"와 직접 대응. how we label = changing our vocabulary, try new things = experiment.
⑤ The saying about genius highlights the value of making numerous mistakes in a short time.	✅ 일치	지문의 "Genius is the ability to make the most mistakes in the shortest period of time"이라는 격언의 의미와 정확히 대응.

 

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핵심 문장 정리

"Trained scientists... do their best to design experiments that answer an important question, no matter what the specific results."

 

이 문장이 ②번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 훈련된 과학자들이 "구체적인 결과가 무엇이든 간에(no matter what)" 중요한 질문에 답하는 실험을 설계한다고 서술하는 반면, ②번은 "주로 예상된 결과를 확인하기 위해(primarily to confirm expected outcomes)" 설계한다고 정반대로 서술했다.

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한 줄 정리

훈련된 과학자들은 "예상된 결과를 확인하기 위해" 실험을 설계하는 것이 아니라, "구체적 결과에 상관없이" 중요한 질문에 답하기 위해 실험을 설계한다.

 

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The Makings의 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제 15회 변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

 

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 수능실감 영어 독해 10문항 모의고사 500제의

15회(99문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

It is important to keep in mind that we perform experiments every single day when we do things as simple as introducing ourselves to someone new or trying a new food. As a result, we get lots of opportunities to practice responding to unexpected results and learning from each one of them. Trained scientists know this well and, therefore, do their best to design experiments that answer an important question, no matter what the specific results. They know that each experiment offers valuable clues on the path to understanding. As the saying goes, "Genius is the ability to make the most mistakes in the shortest period of time." Each of those mistakes provides experimental data and an opportunity to learn something new. Like scientists, we need to stop looking at unexpected results as failures. By changing our vocabulary, by looking at "failures" as "data," we can enhance everyone's willingness to experiment.

 

2번 지문

Our experiences are laid down with the most recent still retaining much detail and structure, but, with time, they eventually break down and become integrated with the rest of our experiences. That's why we often remember them differently from the way they actually happened. Psychologists Dan Simons and Chris Chabris recently surveyed 1,500 US adults and discovered fundamental misunderstandings held by the general public. About two out of three adults (63 percent) thought that memory works like a video camera, recording experiences that can be played back later. Half of the respondents believed that once a memory was formed it was unchanged and reliable. These misconceptions have led to comparison with other ways of storing information that evoke some notion of a permanent store. A common metaphor is to liken human memory to a vast library storing volumes of information, which is wrong. Rather, human memory is like a compost heap.

 

3번 지문

A Chicago restaurant owner was having trouble with "no-shows." People would make dinner reservations, but fail to appear for dinner. Additionally, they would not call to cancel their reservations. At this restaurant, it was common for the receptionist to take the reservation by phone and then say, "Please call if you change your plans." For months, the no-show rate at this restaurant was approximately 30%. As part of a behavioral science study, researchers conducted an experiment, whereby they instructed the receptionists to stop saying, "Please call us if you change your plans," and start saying, "Will you please call us if you change your plans?" Furthermore, the receptionist was instructed to intentionally pause and wait for the caller to respond. What do you think happened by simply adding two words to the script and ending with a question mark? Amazingly, by making these simple and almost effortless changes, which made callers make a commitment ― either yes or no, the no-show rate at this restaurant dropped a whopping 20 percentage points, from 30% to 10%.

 

4번 지문

Even though unemployment is painful to those who have no source of income, reducing unemployment is not costless. In the short run, a reduction in unemployment may come at the expense of a higher rate of inflation, especially if the economy is close to full capacity, where resources are almost fully employed. Moreover, trying to match employees with jobs can quickly lead to significant inefficiencies because of mismatches between a worker's skill level and the level of skill required for a job. For example, the economy would be wasting resources subsidizing education if people with PhDs in biochemistry were driving taxis or tending bars. That is, the skills of the employee may be higher than those necessary for the job, resulting in what economists call underemployment. Another source of inefficiencies is placing employees in jobs beyond their abilities.

 

5번 지문

A message is transferred from facts to language, from language to written words, from written words to language in another mind, and out of that language into stored information. Just how successful the process is at these stages no one knows. It would also be nearly impossible to devise an experiment to determine the efficiency. Nevertheless, in the real world, such transfers are never 100% efficient. If we allow them to be as good as 90%, losses at the four stages still reduce the overall efficiency to less than 65%. By a rough guess, only a little over half the original message reaches the reader's mind, and probably much less. Just think for a moment about the proportion of the total information you retain after reading a book or attending a lecture. Information transfer is actually a losing business.

 

6번 지문

Getting what you need begins with clearly defining how you would like people to behave, which can be a challenge in itself. You can't just say "I want my math teacher to treat me better," because that's such a vague goal that you can't accurately measure it, and therefore you can't consistently reward it. What you think is better often conflicts with what others think it is. It's much too vague. If you would like your math teacher to treat you better, you'll have to describe exactly what "better" treatment looks like. Successful managers and leaders know this very well ─ if employees don't know what's expected of them, they won't be able to do it, and that will be the manager's fault. Therefore, saying something like "I would like my math teacher to look at me, make eye contact, and say 'good morning' once every other day before class," will bring you much better results.

 

7번 지문

Within the space of a few decades around the middle of the eleventh century, there was a dramatic shift in the source of fish from around 80 per cent freshwater to 80 per cent saltwater fish like cod, haddock and herring. At the time, demand was increasing rapidly thanks to a combination of population growth and urbanization. Fresh fish supplies were in freefall as a result of human-caused habitat change in rivers, lakes and estuaries. With the spread of agriculture, forests were felled and land deep ploughed for crops. Soil erosion soon turned fast-running, cool and clear water into sluggish, warm and turbid water, which species like salmon did not enjoy. Nor did salmon, and other fish that migrated from sea to rivers to spawn, benefit from the construction of thousands of dams across Europe's rivers to supply power for corn mills and other industries. With their migration routes blocked, freshwater fisheries' production collapsed.

 

8번 지문

Consumer behavior is broken down into purchase, use, and disposal activities. Categorizing consumer behavior by type of activity is useful because consumers' responses to stimuli may differ depending on whether they are purchasing, using, or disposing of a single product or service. For example, when leading up to purchase, a long line outside a museum is a positive factor in evaluating that museum. Long lines imply that everyone wants to go there, and that the museum is probably very good. But, after you have purchased your ticket, that long line is no longer a desirable factor, as you impatiently wait to get in. Furthermore, once you make it to the door, that long line ahead of you now means that the museum is overly crowded, and therefore, a lot less appealing. So, from this example, categorizing activities by whether they occur prior to purchase versus during use shows how consumer responses can change significantly within a situation.

 

9번 지문

Long ago, humans began labeling each other. Eventually, lighter-skinned humans became "whites," darker-skinned humans became "blacks," and people with intermediate skin tones became "yellow-," "red-," and "brown-skinned." These labels don't reflect reality faithfully, and if you lined up 1,000 randomly selected people from across the earth, none of them would share exactly the same skin tone. Of course, the continuity of skin tone hasn't stopped humans from assigning each other to discrete categories like "black" and "white" ─ categories that have no basis in biology but nonetheless go on to determine the social, political, and economic well-being of their members. These racial labels impose boundaries and categories on an infinitely complex social world, but once in place these boundaries are very difficult to dissolve. People are apt to resolve racial ambiguity by resorting to racial labels. In a Stanford University study, an experimenter showed white students a picture of a young man whose facial features made it difficult to determine whether he was white or black. For half the students, the man was labeled "white," and for the other half he was labeled "black." The students were asked to draw the image in front of them as accurately as they could. To sweeten the deal, the student who created the most accurate drawing was promised a $20 cash prize. The ones who were told that the man was black tended to exaggerate his "typically black" features, whereas those who were told he was white did the reverse exactly. Although the students were looking at exactly the same photograph, they perceived the image through a lens that was biased with the racial label that the researcher provided earlier in the experiment.