N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 1.-2 어법 변형문제

 

N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2

Part 1.-2 어법 변형문제

 

N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 1.-2 어법 변형문제

 

N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 1.-2 어법 변형문제

 

 

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최상위 수능 기출문제집 N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 1 - 2. 어법(PDF)

 

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

One thing that consumerism gets right is obvious. Human beings have needs that are directly addressed by consumption. A useful tool for understanding the relationship between consumption and needs has been provided by Abraham Maslow. His hierarchy of human needs begins with the basic physiological and safety needs, proceeding to needs for belonging and love. Higher up, we have a need for self-esteem and status. At the top of this pyramid is the need for what he calls self-actualization (if you like, you could substitute the word salvation here). The lowest needs in Maslow's hierarchy tend to occupy our attention until they are met. Only then can we move up the scale to focus on higher needs. We might argue about whether this is the way things should be, but it is not hard to accept this as a generally accurate picture of what actually happens. If we are hungry, extremely tired or under physical threat, we are not the most loving and sociable creatures.

 

① Consumerism correctly recognizes that human needs can be met through consumption.

② Maslow's hierarchy starts with physiological and safety needs before moving to higher ones.

③ Self-actualization sits at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of human needs.

④ People can easily focus on higher needs regardless of whether basic needs are fulfilled.

⑤ Hunger, exhaustion, and physical threats reduce our capacity for social and loving behavior.

 

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지문 해석

소비주의가 올바르게 파악하는 한 가지는 분명하다. 인간에게는 소비를 통해 직접적으로 충족되는 욕구가 있다. 소비와 욕구의 관계를 이해하는 데 유용한 도구를 Abraham Maslow가 제공했다. 그의 인간 욕구 위계는 기본적인 생리적 욕구와 안전 욕구에서 시작하여 소속감과 사랑의 욕구로 나아간다. 더 위로 올라가면 자존감과 지위에 대한 욕구가 있다. 이 피라미드의 꼭대기에는 그가 자아실현(self-actualization)이라고 부르는 욕구가 있다(원한다면 여기에 구원(salvation)이라는 단어를 대체할 수 있다). Maslow의 위계에서 하위 욕구는 충족될 때까지 우리의 주의를 차지하는 경향이 있다. 그래야만(only then) 상위 욕구에 집중하기 위해 단계를 올라갈 수 있다. 이것이 마땅히 그래야 하는 방식인지는 논쟁할 수 있겠지만, 이것이 실제로 일어나는 일에 대한 대체로 정확한 그림이라는 것은 받아들이기 어렵지 않다. 배고프거나, 극도로 피곤하거나, 신체적 위협을 받고 있다면, 우리는 가장 사랑스럽고 사교적인 존재는 아니다.

 

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풀이 흐름

 

이 지문의 핵심 논리는 Maslow의 욕구 위계에서 하위 욕구가 상위 욕구의 전제 조건이라는 것이다. 지문은 이를 두 문장으로 명확히 밝힌다. 첫째, "The lowest needs... tend to occupy our attention until they are met." 둘째, "Only then can we move up the scale to focus on higher needs." 여기서 "only then"은 기본 욕구가 충족된 후에야 비로소 상위 욕구에 집중할 수 있다는 강한 조건부 표현이다. 따라서 기본 욕구의 충족 여부에 "상관없이(regardless of)" 상위 욕구에 "쉽게 집중할 수 있다(can easily focus)"고 서술하는 선지가 있다면, 이는 지문의 핵심 원리와 정면으로 모순된다.

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전체 선지 분석

 

선지	판정	근거
① Consumerism correctly recognizes that human needs can be met through consumption.	✅ 일치	지문의 "One thing that consumerism gets right... Human beings have needs that are directly addressed by consumption"과 직접 대응.
② Maslow's hierarchy starts with physiological and safety needs before moving to higher ones.	✅ 일치	지문의 "begins with the basic physiological and safety needs, proceeding to needs for belonging and love"와 정확히 대응.
③ Self-actualization sits at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of human needs.	✅ 일치	지문의 "At the top of this pyramid is the need for what he calls self-actualization"과 동일.
④ People can easily focus on higher needs regardless of whether basic needs are fulfilled.	❌ 불일치	지문은 **"The lowest needs... tend to occupy our attention until they are met. Only then can we move up the scale to focus on higher needs"**라고 명시. easily / regardless of ↔ only then / until they are met으로 조건과 난이도 모두 정반대.
⑤ Hunger, exhaustion, and physical threats reduce our capacity for social and loving behavior.	✅ 일치	지문의 "If we are hungry, extremely tired or under physical threat, we are not the most loving and sociable creatures"와 일치. reduce capacity = are not the most.

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핵심 문장 정리

"The lowest needs in Maslow's hierarchy tend to occupy our attention until they are met. Only then can we move up the scale to focus on higher needs."

 

이 두 문장이 ④번 선지의 오류를 판별하는 결정적 근거다. 지문은 하위 욕구가 충족된 "후에야 비로소(only then)" 상위 욕구에 집중할 수 있다고 서술하는 반면, ④번은 기본 욕구 충족 여부에 "상관없이(regardless of)" "쉽게(easily)" 집중할 수 있다고 정반대로 서술했다.

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한 줄 정리

상위 욕구에 집중하는 것은 기본 욕구 충족 여부에 "상관없이 쉽게" 가능한 것이 아니라, 기본 욕구가 충족된 "후에야 비로소" 가능하다.

 

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The Makings의 Part 1 - 2. 어법  변형문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

 

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 

최상위 수능 기출문제집 N기출 영어영역 고난도 독해 Level 2 Part 1 - 2. 어법

(55문항) 변형문제의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문

Although you may put off going to sleep in order to squeeze more activities into your day, eventually your need for sleep becomes overwhelming and you are forced to get some sleep. This daily drive for sleep appears to be due, in part, to a compound known as adenosine. This natural chemical builds up in your blood as time awake increases. While you sleep, your body breaks down the adenosine. Thus, this molecule may be what your body uses to keep track of lost sleep and to trigger sleep when needed. An accumulation of adenosine and other factors might explain why, after several nights of less than optimal amounts of sleep, you build up a sleep debt that you must make up by sleeping longer than normal. Because of such built-in molecular feedback, you can't become accustomed to getting less sleep than your body needs. Eventually, a lack of sleep catches up with you.

 

2번 지문

In most respects, humans are one of a relatively small number of species that evolved a very different strategy of investing more energy to reproduce more slowly. Like apes and elephants, we mature at a leisurely pace, grow large bodies, and have few babies but devote much time and energy to raising them well. This unusual strategy succeeds because while apes and elephants produce fewer babies than mice, a larger percentage of their offspring survive to then reproduce. A house mouse can become a mother when she is just five weeks old, has four to ten pups per litter, and can have a new litter every two months over the course of her approximately twelve-month life. However, the vast majority of her pups die young. In contrast, a chimp or elephant mother does not reproduce until she is at least twelve years old, and she gives birth to only one infant every five or six years over the next thirty or so years. About half of these offspring make it to becoming parents.

 

3번 지문

Goal orientation theory was specifically developed to explain children's learning and performance in school settings. As Ames summarises, the theory highlights two contrasting achievement goal constructs, or orientations, that students can adopt towards their academic work: they can follow a mastery orientation and pursue mastery goals with the focus on learning the content; or they can follow a performance orientation in pursuit of performance goals with the focus on demonstrating ability, getting good grades, or outdoing other students. Thus, mastery and performance goals represent different reasons for engaging in achievement activity. Central to a mastery goal is the belief that effort will lead to success and the emphasis is on one's own improvement and growth. In contrast, a performance orientation views learning only as a way to achieve a goal and the accompanying public recognition.

 

4번 지문

Drinking bypasses lots of our natural food control system. Just think how easy it is to drink a large glass of apple juice, yet you wouldn't sit down and eat eight apples in one sitting ─ after the second one, the control system would step in and say you have had enough. The whole apple contains fibre, which slows the release of the apple's sugar and, in doing so, balances the effect of eating it on our energy. Without the fibre in the juice, the sugar sends us on a rollercoaster of energy cycles, starting with a boost and ending in a crash. The crash may be just at the point when you are asked to stand up and present your ideas or need to kick off that tricky task on your to-do list. It's just not worth it. Sugary caffeine drinks have a similar, if not more profound, effect, yet large coffee shop chains take great delight in selling us expensive, iced or cream-topped drinks that are equivalent to an extra meal, but will simply not register as one ─ starting a blood sugar crash cycle all over again.

 

5번 지문

The idea of family support, suggested as one of the preconditions of any child's success, is far from being faultless. Thus, for example, the well-known musical psychologist Jane Davidson and her colleagues state that all the parents of children who later become successful musicians were, in fact, their charges' great friends and allies from earliest childhood. If the great jazz musician Sidney Bechet were to hear of such a conclusion he would be surprised indeed. His altogether respectable parents, who dreamed of something rather more substantial and reliable than a career in music for their son, actually hid his clarinet from him. Robert Schumann's mother, the widow of a publisher and literary translator, reconciled herself only with difficulty to her son's choice of music as a profession; while Christoph W. Gluck, the great reformer of opera, was forced to roam about Italy and Bohemia after being expelled from home by his father. Even some of the great musical geniuses, it is clear, were given switches and coal by an unkind Fate instead of the presents other youngsters received. The 'universal support' given by parents to beginning musicians turns out to be a myth upon closer examination.