2026년 7월 고3 모의고사 변형문제 지문 [41,42,43,44,45]

 

2026년 7월 고3 모의고사 변형문제

지문 [41,42,43,44,45]

2026년 7월 고3 영어 모의고사 변형문제

 

2026년 7월 고3 모의고사 변형문제

 

https://themakings.co.kr/403/?idx=1421

2026년 고3 7월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 5 (66문항) (PDF)

 

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다음 지문을 읽고 글의 내용과 다른 문장을 고르세요.

 

An important technical advance came with the introduction of coinage. Some of the earliest known coins appeared in the ancient civilization of Lydia, located in what is now Turkey, during the seventh-century BCE. By contrast to raw nuggets straight from the mine or river, or even variously refined precious metal bars, coined silver and gold pieces from reputable mints enjoyed a major advantage: They were manufactured to be uniform in weight and fineness (percentage of pure precious metal). When coins were reliably up to standard, traders did not need to be expert testers of precious metals or bear the cost of hiring an expert to test the pieces offered because the risk from not testing was negligible. At most they needed to weigh visibly worn coins. The evidence is not definitive, but it indicates that many of the earliest Lydian coiners were private individuals. Perhaps they were precious metal merchants or other rich businessmen, who could more easily spend their own metals after converting irregular pieces into uniform pieces, or perhaps they were metalsmiths, who had the know-how and could charge others for the service. Since they serve the convenience of traders, it is likely that coins were already in use before political authorities established their own mints (or commandeered existing mints). Why then would ancient kings operate their own mints and outlaw private competitors? The historical record suggests that they did so mostly to have a fruitful source of revenue from monopoly minting fees and from debasement. As a bonus, some took advantage of the opportunity to stamp their own faces on the coins.

 

① Coined pieces from reputable mints had an advantage of uniform weight and fineness over raw nuggets.

② The negligible risk of accepting standardized coins freed traders from the cost of hiring expert testers.

③ Private coiners may have included precious metal merchants and skilled metalsmiths.

④ Ancient kings ran their own mints primarily to promote fair competition among private coiners.

⑤ Some ancient rulers took the opportunity to stamp their own faces on the coins they minted.

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지문 내용 정리

 

이 글은 주화(coinage)의 등장과 고대 조폐업의 역사적 의미를 다루는 글이에요.

최초의 주화는 기원전 7세기 현재 터키 지역인 리디아(Lydia)에서 등장했어요. 광산에서 캐낸 금속 덩어리나 정제된 귀금속 막대와 달리, 신뢰할 수 있는 조폐소에서 만든 주화는 큰 장점이 있었어요 — 무게와 순도가 균일하게 제조됐다는 거죠. 덕분에 상인들은 귀금속 전문 감정사를 고용할 필요가 없었고, 눈에 띄게 닳은 주화만 무게를 달아보면 됐어요. 초기 리디아 조폐업자들은 민간인이었을 가능성이 높아요 — 귀금속 상인이거나 숙련된 금속 장인이었을 거예요. 주화가 상인들의 편의를 위해 이미 사용되고 있었기 때문에, 정치 권력이 자체 조폐소를 세우기 전부터 주화가 유통됐을 가능성이 높아요. 그렇다면 왜 고대 왕들은 자체 조폐소를 운영하고 민간 경쟁자를 불법화했을까요? 역사적 기록은 이렇게 말해요 — 독점 조폐 수수료와 화폐 가치 절하(debasement)를 통한 수익원 확보가 주된 이유였어요. 보너스로, 일부 왕들은 주화에 자신의 얼굴을 새길 기회도 활용했고요.

 

④번 함정의 포인트: 왕들이 조폐소를 운영한 건 "공정한 경쟁 촉진"이 아니라 "독점 수익 확보"가 목적이었는데, ④번은 이걸 정반대로 뒤집었어요.

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선택지 O/X 분석

 

번호	선택지 요약	원문 대조	판정
①	신뢰할 수 있는 조폐소의 주화는 원석 덩어리보다 균일한 무게와 순도면에서 장점이 있었음	"coined silver and gold pieces from reputable mints enjoyed a major advantage: They were manufactured to be uniform in weight and fineness"	⭕ 일치
②	표준화된 주화를 받는 위험이 미미해서 상인들이 전문 감정사 고용 비용을 절감할 수 있었음	"traders did not need to... bear the cost of hiring an expert to test the pieces offered because the risk from not testing was negligible"	⭕ 일치
③	민간 조폐업자에는 귀금속 상인과 숙련된 금속 장인이 포함됐을 수 있음	"Perhaps they were precious metal merchants... or perhaps they were metalsmiths, who had the know-how"	⭕ 일치
④	고대 왕들은 주로 민간 조폐업자들 간의 공정한 경쟁을 촉진하기 위해 자체 조폐소를 운영함	"they did so mostly to have a fruitful source of revenue from monopoly minting fees and from debasement" — 독점 수익 확보가 목적이지 공정 경쟁 촉진이 아님	❌ 불일치
⑤	일부 고대 통치자들은 자신들이 주조한 주화에 자신의 얼굴을 새길 기회를 활용함	"some took advantage of the opportunity to stamp their own faces on the coins"	⭕ 일치

 

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정답은 ④ — 함정 패턴: 목적 역전(monopoly profit → fair competition)

이번 함정은 고대 왕들이 조폐소를 운영한 실제 동기를 정반대의 명분으로 바꿔치기한 패턴이에요.

원문은 왕들의 동기를 아주 직접적으로 밝힙니다:

"they did so mostly to have a fruitful source of revenue from monopoly minting fees and from debasement."

 

독점(monopoly) 조폐 수수료와 화폐 가치 절하(debasement)를 통한 수익 — 철저히 자기 이익을 위한 것이에요. 실제로 왕들은 민간 조폐업자들을 "outlawed(불법화)"했는데, 이건 경쟁을 촉진한 게 아니라

경쟁 자체를 없애버린 거예요.

그런데 ④번은 이걸 이렇게 바꿔놓았어요:

 

"Ancient kings ran their own mints primarily to promote fair competition among private coiners."

(고대 왕들은 주로 민간 조폐업자들 간의 공정한 경쟁을 촉진하기 위해 자체 조폐소를 운영했다)

 

"monopoly revenue(독점 수익)" → "promote fair competition(공정 경쟁 촉진)"

독점을 위해 경쟁자를 불법화했다는 걸, 공정 경쟁을 위해 조폐소를 운영했다는 것으로 완전히 뒤집었어요. 방향뿐 아니라 역사적 맥락 자체를 180도 바꾼 함정이에요.

함정 유형 정리: 동기·목적 역전(self-interest → public good)

지문에서 행위자의 실제 동기가 명시될 때 — 특히 이익 추구, 권력 유지, 독점 확보 같은 자기 이익 동기일 때 — 선택지에서 이게 공공선, 공정성, 보호, 촉진 같은 명분·이타적 동기로 바뀌는 패턴이에요. 역사·경제 관련 지문에서 특히 자주 등장해요. "왜 그렇게 했는가"에 해당하는 동기 문장은 항상 출제 포인트가 될 수 있어요.

 

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핵심 어휘 정리

 

• coinage — 주화, 화폐 주조
• fineness — (금속의) 순도
• mint — 조폐소; 주화를 만들다
• negligible — 미미한, 무시해도 될 정도의
• commandeer — 징발하다, 강제 접수하다
• outlaw — 불법화하다
• monopoly — 독점
• debasement — (화폐) 가치 절하
• fair competition — 공정한 경쟁 (선택지의 함정 표현)
• nugget — (금속) 덩어리

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풀이 전략 팁

 

역사·경제 지문에서 "왜(Why) 어떤 행위를 했는가"를 설명하는 문장은 거의 항상 출제 포인트예요. 이번 지문처럼 "왜 왕들이 조폐소를 직접 운영했는가"에 대한 답이 명시될 때, 선택지는 그 이유를 바꿔치기하는 방식으로 함정을 만들어요.

특히 이번처럼 실제 동기(독점 수익)와 명분(공정 경쟁 촉진)이 정반대인 경우, 출제자는 이 두 개념을 교체해요. 이런 패턴을 잡으려면:

• 지문에서 "to + 동사원형"(목적절) 또는 "in order to", "so as to", "for the purpose of" 같은 목적 표현에 밑줄을 그으세요
• 선택지에서 그 목적이 반대 방향의 명분으로 바뀌어 있지 않은지 대조하세요

"독점을 위해 경쟁자를 불법화했다"는 맥락이 명확한데 "공정 경쟁 촉진"이 선택지에 나온다면, 지문을 정반대로 읽은 것이므로 바로 정답입니다.

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The Makings의 2026년 고3 7월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

 

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

 

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더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2026년 고3 7월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 5의 지문입니다.

 

1번 지문(문항 번호 40~41번)

An important technical advance came with the introduction of coinage. Some of the earliest known coins appeared in the ancient civilization of Lydia, located in what is now Turkey, during the seventh-century BCE. By contrast to raw nuggets straight from the mine or river, or even variously refined precious metal bars, coined silver and gold pieces from reputable mints enjoyed a major advantage: They were manufactured to be uniform in weight and fineness (percentage of pure precious metal). When coins were reliably up to standard, traders did not need to be expert testers of precious metals or bear the cost of hiring an expert to test the pieces offered because the risk from not testing was negligible. At most they needed to weigh visibly worn coins. The evidence is not definitive, but it indicates that many of the earliest Lydian coiners were private individuals. Perhaps they were precious metal merchants or other rich businessmen, who could more easily spend their own metals after converting irregular pieces into uniform pieces, or perhaps they were metalsmiths, who had the know-how and could charge others for the service. Since they serve the convenience of traders, it is likely that coins were already in use before political authorities established their own mints (or commandeered existing mints). Why then would ancient kings operate their own mints and outlaw private competitors? The historical record suggests that they did so mostly to have a fruitful source of revenue from monopoly minting fees and from debasement. As a bonus, some took advantage of the opportunity to stamp their own faces on the coins.

 

2번 지문(문항 번호 42~45번)

The kitchen was a disaster zone of flour and scattered eggshells. Elena stood with her hands on her hips, staring at the dough that refused to rise. Her daughter, Claire, was desperately scrolling through a tablet, looking for a scientific explanation for why their traditional bread looked like a flat stone. She suggested they just buy one from the bakery down the street. It was faster, cleaner, and guaranteed to be edible. Elena sighed, wiping her forehead with the back of her hand. She explained that it wasn't about the bread itself. This was the recipe her grandmother had taught her, a ritual of patience that required waiting and kneading. Claire put the tablet down. She looked at her mother's tired face and realized this wasn't about cooking; it was about holding onto a tradition that felt slippery in a digital world. Claire washed her hands and stepped up to the counter. She pushed the tablet away and asked her mother to show her the kneading technique again. Elena's expression softened. She placed her hands over Claire's, guiding the rhythm ─ push, fold, turn. They worked in silence for a while, the only sound the rhythmic thumping of dough against the cutting board. The kitchen felt warmer, less chaotic. Elena admitted that she had failed the first time she tried making the traditional bread on her own. She confessed she ended up eating pancakes because the loaf was hard as a brick. Claire laughed, the tension breaking instantly. "So, if this fails, can we order pizza?" Claire asked with a playful look on her face. Elena laughed, spreading more flour onto the cutting board. She agreed that pizza was an acceptable backup plan. But as they continued to work the dough, it finally began to smooth out, becoming elastic and alive under their hands. Claire placed the dough into a bowl. She covered it with a cloth and then carried it to a warm corner of the kitchen with a hopeful smile on her face. Whether the bread rose or not didn't matter anymore; the connection between them had already been made, baked in warmth and shared effort.