고등영어 자료는 더메이킹스(TheMakings)

EBS 2022 수능특강 라이트(Light)

영어 독해연습 Mini Test 2 - Part 2

The Makings의 EBS 수능특강 라이트(Light) 영어 독해연습 변형문제 (2022년 개정) 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글에 알맞지 않은 문장 고르기(객관식)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열하기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

EBS 수능특강 라이트(Light) 영어 독해연습 (2022년 개정) 변형문제 Mini Test 2 - Part 2 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Many animal or plant species have proved to be very useful for medical purposes. Through millions of years of evolution, they have evolved many special chemicals to meet their special needs in their respective niches, which can be exploited by man. The saliva of the vampire bat of Central and South America contains a substance to prevent heart attacks. The Malayan pit viper contains a substance called ristrin, which has similar properties. Caribbean sponges can be used to tackle rejection of organ transplants. Rauvolfia serpentina, the serpent wood plant, has been traditionally used in India to treat snake bite, nervous disorders, cholera and fever. Reserpine, an extract from the plant, has become the principal source of materials for tranquilizers. Domesticated animals have given us hormones and enzymes, while fungi and microbes provide life-saving drugs such as antibiotics.

2번 지문

The development of food habits clearly indicates that for humans, food is more than just nutrients. Bread is an excellent example. White bread was traditionally eaten by the upper classes, dark bread by the poor, but whole wheat bread is consumed today by people concerned more with health than status. A person with money has "a lot of bread." In many cultures, bread is shared by couples as part of the wedding ceremony or left for the soul of the dead. Superstitions about bread also demonstrate its importance beyond sustenance. Greek soldiers took a piece from home to ensure their safe, victorious return; English midwives placed a loaf at the foot of the mother's bed to prevent the woman and her baby from being stolen by evil spirits; and sailors traditionally brought a bun to sea to prevent shipwreck. It is the symbolic use of food that is valued most by people, not its nutritional composition.

3번 지문

In a classic piece of psychology research, a primary school teacher and a professor teamed up to study how far expectations drive outcomes. To do so, they administered IQ tests to California pupils in grades one through six. Teachers were told that certain pupils - around 20 percent - showed great promise and could be expected to make exceptional progress. At the end of the year, that forecast proved true: the IQ of the nominated pupils showed superior improvement. But, like all great social psychology experiments, this one had a catch. The "high-potential students" had been chosen at random. What came to be known as the Pygmalion effect argued that it is expectations, more than innate ability, that influence outcomes. Never mind who's gifted, who's talented. Expect great things and you are more likely to get them. The talent, energy, insight, and opportunity of any organization lie with its people. They are where all ideas come from; they are its best early-warning system.

4번 지문

Because ways of thinking and communicating in any society are learned when we are very young, they seem natural and normal, like our use of the bathroom. As adults care for, speak to, and play with their babies, they are at the same time gradually turning a biological being into a social being, who will learn as it grows to share the language he or she absorbs, spoken and unspoken. Babies pick up signals through all their senses, and the emphasis on communicating through different senses is another variable feature from one social group to another. Sounds, for example, which babies may at first seem to use indiscriminately, gradually take on a meaning shared with the surrounding adults, and they soon learn when and where it is appropriate and useful to apply those sounds to maximum effect. They also learn when some other form of communication, such as smiling, laughing, or crying, might transmit better what they have in their highly absorbent minds.

5번 지문

Physiological responses that prepare the body for food occur in response to cues normally related to eating. These cues are such things as the sight or smell of food, other people eating, and the clattering of dishes. This means that hunger also is a response to environmental cues that indicate food is on the way, rather than simply being a response to specific changes occurring within the body. Another control over eating is the incentive value of food. The early phases of eating depend on the taste of food, but as you continue eating the same food, its positive incentive value declines. The first taste of barbecued ribs may be wonderful, but they lose their appeal with each bite. Because of this, you tend to eat more when there is a variety of food available rather than just one type of food. Food variety matters in how much you eat.

6번 지문

Every human contact we experience is unique. It has never happened before and will never again happen in just the same way. Our interpretation of the adage "You can never step into the same river twice" is that the experience changes both you and the river forever. A communication encounter similarly affects and changes people so that one encounter can never occur exactly in the same way a second time. In addition to being unrepeatable, communication is also irreversible. We cannot take back something we have said or tweeted any more than we can erase the effects of something we have done. Just as toothpaste cannot be squeezed back into a tube, the e-mails, texts, and tweets we send are going to be out there forever. Because of this, knowing how to communicate carefully in a wide variety of contexts and with a variety of people becomes very important.

7번 지문

When two objects at different temperatures come into contact, the warmer object cools down, and the colder object warms up. Heat flows from hot bodies to cold ones and continues to flow until the objects reach the same temperature, which will be somewhere between the two initial temperatures. This is thermal equilibrium. For example, a marble at 65'F (18.3'C) and a small steel ball at 75'F (23.9'C) placed together might both end up at a temperature of 68'F (20'C), which is the thermal equilibrium temperature. The heat transfers in this case by conduction - the contact allows the atomic and molecular motion of one solid object to influence the other. A further change may take place, as the marble and steel gradually adopt the temperature of the surroundings (for instance, the room that holds the objects). After that, there is no change, unless the room temperature changes.

8번 지문

Traditional forms of media, such as television, radio, and print, provide an excellent means of reaching vast amounts of people quickly, but their downside is that these touches are both brief and scarce. This works if the objective is to create awareness, but it falls short of creating loyalty for an organization or a cause. Loyalty, unlike awareness, takes time to develop. It finds its roots in the trust, familiarity and respect that stem from frequent interactions with an organization, and the repetitive validation of a value alignment without which these interactions are meaningless. Through the use of social media, organizations can breed loyalty in their members by interacting regularly with them, befriending them, and empowering them to make a difference. The magic stems from the fact that social media can help humanize communications to such a degree that genuine friendships can begin to form between an organization's staff and the members they interact with online, even if they have never met in the real world. The depth of these interactions, combined with their potential frequency, can accelerate this process to such an extent that a new member can begin to feel loyal to an organization in a matter of days rather than in a matter of months.

9번 지문

Have you ever wondered why companies offer a free sample of products, test drives, or trial subscriptions for 1 month, or 14-day free trial? Many brands use money-back guarantee and free day trial strategy to pull the customer into the product. They know that these strategies make consumers overvalue and pay more for what they're selling. When they put the expiry date on the availability of freebies, it also triggers loss aversion and creates a sense of urgency for added potency. In the same way, lots of audiobook and podcast apps offer free trial. Once we get to hang on to it, we feel the desire to purchase the subscription. Many e-commerce companies also use this strategy to let customers order multiple dresses or any products with a promise that they can return the items that they don't like for free of cost.

10 번 지문

Many people who understand human social evolution as a story of continual progress fail to appreciate the role that environmental degradation has played. Commonly, people believe that the change from food foraging to agriculture happened because people traded an insecure way of life for one that was more secure and satisfying. Little evidence exists to support this view. Rather, climate changes that "shrank" livable environments, human population growth, the exhaustion of edible plant and large animal populations, and the discoveries and innovations that made dependence on agriculture possible all combined to cause this transformation. Furthermore, fossil records and archaeological evidence confirm that hunter-gatherers did not abandon their lifestyle until forced to do so by the problems, and did so at different times and in widely scattered areas around the world. A similar combination of environmental problems, scarcities, and technological possibilities caused the decline of ancient empires (like the Mayans, Mesopotamians, and Romans) and stimulated the emergence of industrial societies. The growth of innovations and technologies produced more complex human systems having ever-larger productive capacities to support human populations. Elites may have benefited from an enhanced ability to extend their control and powers of taxation across larger systems. Non-elites, however, often did not change their lifestyles from positive attractions but rather to survive when they had no other choices. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, established farmers often did not willingly move to cities seeking urban employment, but the story of rural to urban migration is also one of progressive rural poverty, bankruptcy, and foreclosed farm mortgages.

11번 지문

A group of frogs were hopping contentedly through the woods, going about their froggy business, when two of them fell into a deep pit. All of the other frogs gathered around the pit to see what could be done to help their companions. When they saw how deep the pit was, the rest of the dismayed group agreed that it was hopeless and told the two frogs in the pit that they should prepare themselves for their fate, because they were as good as dead. Unwilling to accept this terrible fate, the two frogs began to jump with all of their might. Some of the frogs shouted into the pit that it was hopeless, and that the two frogs wouldn't be in that situation if they had been more careful, more obedient to the froggy rules, and more responsible. The other frogs continued sorrowfully shouting that they should save their energy and give up, since they were already as good as dead. The two frogs continued jumping as hard as they could, and after several hours of desperate effort they were quite weary. Finally, one of the frogs paid attention to the calls of his fellows. Spent and disheartened, he quietly resolved himself to his fate, lay down at the bottom of the pit, and died as the others looked on in helpless grief. The other frog continued to jump with every ounce of energy he had, although his body was wracked with pain. His companions began anew yelling for him to accept his fate, stop the pain and just die. The weary frog jumped harder and harder and - wonder of wonders! Finally leapt so high that he sprang from the pit. Amazed, the other frogs celebrated his miraculous freedom and then gathering around him asked, "Why did you continue jumping when we told you it was impossible?" Reading their lips, the astonished frog explained to them that he was deaf, and that when he saw their gestures and shouting, he thought they were cheering him on. What he had perceived as encouragement inspired him to try hard and to succeed against all odds.

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영)

6과 변형 문제

Reach Beyond Ourselves

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제는

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제를 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서

제작한 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/57/?idx=1048

The Makings의 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 최종 모의고사는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 글의 내용에 어울리지 않는 문장 고르기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 6과 변형 문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Today we honour the Indigenous peoples of Australia, the oldest continuing cultures in human history. We reflect on how badly we, the Australian Government, treated them in the past. We reflect in particular on the mistreatment of those who were Stolen Generations - the darkest chapter in our nation's history. The time has now come for the nation to turn a new page in Australia's history by righting the wrongs of the past and so moving forward with confidence to the future. We apologise for the laws and policies of former parliaments and governments that caused deep pain and suffering on the Indigenous peoples. We apologise especially for the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, their communities, and their country. For the pain, suffering, and hurt of these Stolen Generations, their descendants, and their families left behind, we say sorry. To the mothers and the fathers, the brothers and the sisters, for the breaking up of families and communities, we say sorry. And for the suffering inflicted on the Aboriginal peoples and culture, we say sorry. We the Parliament of Australia respectfully request that this apology be received in the spirit in which it is offered - as part of the healing of the nation. Today, we take this first step toward the future by acknowledging the past and laying claim to a future that embraces all Australians.

2번 지문

Some have asked, "Why apologise?" Let me begin to answer by telling the parliament just a little of one person's story. Nanna Nungala Fejo was born in the late 1920s. She remembers her earliest childhood days living with her family and her community in a bush camp. She remembers the love, warmth, and happiness of those days long ago, including traditional dancing around the campfire at night. In 1932, when she was four, she remembers the coming of the welfare men. Her family had feared that day and had dug holes in the river bank where the children could run and hide. What her family had not expected was that the white welfare men did not come alone. They brought a truck, two white men, and an Aboriginal stockman on horseback with a whip. The kids were found; they ran, screaming for their mothers, but they could not get away. They were piled onto the back of the truck. Tears flowing, her mum tried clinging to the sides of the truck as her children were taken away in the name of protection. Nanna Fejo's is just one story. There are thousands, tens of thousands, of them. These are stories of forced separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their mums and dads over the better part of a century. Some of these stories are told in the report, Bringing them home. They are terrible stories. The pain is torturous; it screams from the pages. The brutal act of physically separating a mother from her children is a deep assault on our basic humanity.

3번 지문

These stories cry out to be heard; they cry out for an apology. Instead, from the nation's parliament there has been a stubborn and complete silence for much too long. There has been a view that we, the parliament, should suspend our most basic instincts of what is right and what is wrong; a view that, instead, Parliament should look for any excuse to push this great wrong to one side and to leave it with the historians and the academics, as if the Stolen Generations are little more than an interesting sociological phenomenon. But the Stolen Generations are not intellectual curiosities. They are human beings; human beings who have been damaged deeply by the decisions of parliaments and governments. But, as of today, the time for denial and delay has come to an end. The nation is demanding that its political leadership take us forward. Decency, human decency, universal human decency, demands that the nation now step forward to right a historical wrong. That is what we are doing in this place today. Let us turn this page together, Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, government and opposition, Commonwealth and state, and write this new chapter in our nation's story together. Let us grasp this opportunity to craft new future for this great land, Australia.

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 4

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4 을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/116

The Makings의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very long time were remarkably weak. For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked the ability to assess what their people were producing and to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking way to illustrate European weakness is to show how little revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract much more of economic production than any European ruler with the exception of small city-states.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

If you drive down a busy street, you will find many competing businesses, often right next to one another. For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time. These competing firms advertise heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the price of a product without any benefit to the consumer. However, this misconception doesn't account for why firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to inform their customers about new products and services. Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to help make purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all get a product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect good ─ and no other market structure delivers that outcome.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

Architects might say a machine can never design an innovative or impressive building because a computer cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one instinctively think that only a human being ─ and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that ─ could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using a technique known as "parametric design." The architects gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar software has been used to design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these systems behaving "creatively"? No, they are using lots of processing power to blindly generate varied possible designs, working in a very different way from a human being.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something too quickly, without thinking.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

Much research has been carried out on the causes of engagement, an issue that is important from both a theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major camps: situational and personal. The most influential situational causes are job resources, feedback and leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving their employees honest and constructive feedback on their performance, and by providing them with the necessary resources that enable them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy that although engagement drives job performance, job performance also drives engagement. In other words, when employees are able to do their jobs well ─ to the point that they match or exceed their own expectations and ambitions ─ they will engage more, be proud of their achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is especially evident when people are employed in jobs that align with their values.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks against the United States. In the study, they found that individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more likely to still be giving support one year later than those whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress. This effect likely stems from differences in emotional arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally affected people throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional distress. However, those who gave to reduce others' distress did not stop empathizing with victims who continued to struggle long after the attacks.

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 3

The Makings의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 3의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 29번)

There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint. Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up during the Second World War are often scornful of the terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer of the food has a view when making or growing something that by the time the product reaches the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense not to buy large packs of perishable goods but non-perishable items may become cost-effective.

2번 지문(문항 번호 30번)

The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which gradually degrades it over time. Based in large part on genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects. One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence.

3번 지문(문항 번호 31번)

Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us "independently" choose an option which suits their purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels; which has created even stronger brand loyalty.

4번 지문(문항 번호 32번)

A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a highly complex web of relationships connects fictional characters that exist first only in the minds of the program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were to think about how much human psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about the plot, you would discover it is considerable ─ at least as much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease. How are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar framework. The characters in a soap opera and the relationships between them are very much like the real people and relationships we experience every day. The abstraction of a soap opera is only a step removed from the real world. The mental "training" required to follow a soap opera is provided by our everyday lives.

5번 지문(문항 번호 33번)

As always happens with natural selection, bats and their prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back. The B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have fuselages made of materials that do something similar with radar beams.

6번 지문(문항 번호 34번)

Much of human thought is designed to screen out information and to sort the rest into a manageable condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount of information available in culture and society. Out of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and to organize that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our attention on clear contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are marked by a steady elimination of information. People notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored into memory. And only part of what gets committed to memory can be retrieved.

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 4

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든  

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4 을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

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The Makings의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 4의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 35번)

Sensory nerves have specialized endings in the tissues that pick up a particular sensation. If, for example, you step on a sharp object such as a pin, nerve endings in the skin will transmit the pain sensation up your leg, up and along the spinal cord to the brain. While the pain itself is unpleasant, it is in fact acting as a protective mechanism for the foot. Within the brain, nerves will connect to the area that controls speech, so that you may well shout 'ouch' or something rather less polite. They will also connect to motor nerves that travel back down the spinal cord, and to the muscles in your leg that now contract quickly to lift your foot away from the painful object. Sensory and motor nerves control almost all functions in the body ─ from the beating of the heart to the movement of the gut, sweating and just about everything else.

2번 지문(문항 번호 36번)

Maybe you've heard this joke: "How do you eat an elephant?" The answer is "one bite at a time." So, how do you "build" the Earth? That's simple, too: one atom at a time. Atoms are the basic building blocks of crystals, and since all rocks are made up of crystals, the more you know about atoms, the better. Crystals come in a variety of shapes that scientists call habits. Common crystal habits include squares, triangles, and six-sided hexagons. Usually crystals form when liquids cool, such as when you create ice cubes. Many times, crystals form in ways that do not allow for perfect shapes. If conditions are too cold, too hot, or there isn't enough source material, they can form strange, twisted shapes. But when conditions are right, we see beautiful displays. Usually, this involves a slow, steady environment where the individual atoms have plenty of time to join and fit perfectly into what's known as the crystal lattice. This is the basic structure of atoms that is seen time after time.

3번 지문(문항 번호 37번)

When you pluck a guitar string it moves back and forth hundreds of times every second. Naturally, this movement is so fast that you cannot see it ─ you just see the blurred outline of the moving string. Strings vibrating in this way on their own make hardly any noise because strings are very thin and don't push much air about. But if you attach a string to a big hollow box (like a guitar body), then the vibration is amplified and the note is heard loud and clear. The vibration of the string is passed on to the wooden panels of the guitar body, which vibrate back and forth at the same rate as the string. The vibration of the wood creates more powerful waves in the air pressure, which travel away from the guitar. When the waves reach your eardrums they flex in and out the same number of times a second as the original string.

4번 지문(문항 번호 38번)

Boundaries between work and home are blurring as portable digital technology makes it increasingly possible to work anywhere, anytime. Individuals differ in how they like to manage their time to meet work and outside responsibilities. Some people prefer to separate or segment roles so that boundary crossings are minimized. For example, these people might keep separate email accounts for work and family and try to conduct work at the workplace and take care of family matters only during breaks and non-work time. We've even noticed more of these "segmenters" carrying two phones ─ one for work and one for personal use. Flexible schedules work well for these individuals because they enable greater distinction between time at work and time in other roles. Other individuals prefer integrating work and family roles all day long. This might entail constantly trading text messages with children from the office, or monitoring emails at home and on vacation, rather than returning to work to find hundreds of messages in their inbox.

5번 지문(문항 번호 39번)

A "complementary good" is a product that is often consumed alongside another product. For example, popcorn is a complementary good to a movie, while a travel pillow is a complementary good for a long plane journey. When the popularity of one product increases, the sales of its complementary good also increase. By producing goods that complement other products that are already (or about to be) popular, you can ensure a steady stream of demand for your product. Some products enjoy perfect complementary status ─ they have to be consumed together, such as a lamp and a lightbulb. However, do not assume that a product is perfectly complementary, as customers may not be completely locked in to the product. For example, although motorists may seem required to purchase gasoline to run their cars, they can switch to electric cars.

6번 지문(문항 번호 40번)

It's not news to anyone that we judge others based on their clothes. In general, studies that investigate these judgments find that people prefer clothing that matches expectations ─ surgeons in scrubs, little boys in blue ─ with one notable exception. A series of studies published in an article in June 2014 in the Journal of Consumer Research explored observers' reactions to people who broke established norms only slightly. In one scenario, a man at a black-tie affair was viewed as having higher status and competence when wearing a red bow tie. The researchers also found that valuing uniqueness increased audience members' ratings of the status and competence of a professor who wore red sneakers while giving a lecture. The results suggest that people judge these slight deviations from the norm as positive because they suggest that the individual is powerful enough to risk the social costs of such behaviors.

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 2

The Makings의 2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한 

2023년 고2 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for a walk ― but you can also try simply closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future outcome that you might enjoy. But what about when your objective is to make your wish a reality? The last thing you want to be is relaxed. You want to be energized enough to get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that job or study for that test, and you want to be motivated enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of "Dream it. Wish it. Do it." does not hold true, and now we know why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need to do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.

2번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in our time would have serious consequences for modern life, and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family, making it easier for them to work outside the home and have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other pressures in the household, including longer workdays and overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole different cuisine. All that's required is a microwave.

3번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

As you may already know, what and how you buy can be political. To whom do you want to give your money? Which companies and corporations do you value and respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully researching the corporations that are taking our money to decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they make? Are they committed to bringing about good in the world? For instance, my family has found a company producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with a social conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and we're genuinely happy to spend our money on this special toilet paper each month. Remember that the corporate world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have the power to vote with your wallet and encourage companies to embrace healthier and more sustainable practices with every purchase you choose to make.

4번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi, France. He became interested in astronomy at an early age, and when he was only sixteen he wrote a book on the origin of the world. The manuscript was not published at the time, but it came to the attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the director of the Paris Observatory. He became an assistant to Le Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality of Inhabited Worlds, in which he passionately claimed that life exists outside the planet Earth. His most successful work, Popular Astronomy, was published in 1880, and eventually sold 130,000 copies. With his own funds, he built an observatory at Juvisy and spent May to November of each year there. In 1887, he founded the French Astronomical Society and served as editor of its monthly publication.

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사

변형 문제 Part 2

일반 워크북 형태의 문제에서 벗어나 The Makings가 만든

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2

출판사에서 오랫동안 영어 번역과 교정을 하셨던 원어민 선생님과

현직에서 강사를 하고 있는 연구진들이 학생들을 위한

최상의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2 을 선보입니다.

사고력과 이해력을 요구하는 문제들로 내신 대비 뿐만이 아니라

수능도 한꺼번에 공부하실 수 있는 자료입니다.

중간고사&기말고사 전에 더메이킹스(The Makings)에서 제작한

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제로 마무리 하세요.

정답 확인하러가기!

https://themakings.co.kr/115

The Makings의 2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 빈칸 채우기(객관식)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 문단 재배열 하기(객관식)

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한  

2023년 고1 9월 전국 연합 모의고사 변형 문제 Part 2의 지문입니다.

1번 지문(문항 번호 22번)

We all negotiate every day, whether we realize it or not. Yet few people ever learn how to negotiate. Those who do usually learn the traditional, win-lose negotiating style rather than an approach that is likely to result in a win­win agreement. This old-school, adversarial approach may be useful in a one-off negotiation where you will probably not deal with that person again. However, such transactions are becoming increasingly rare, because most of us deal with the same people repeatedly — our spouses and children, our friends and colleagues, our customers and clients. In view of this, it’s essential to achieve successful results for ourselves and maintain a healthy relationship with our negotiating partners at the same time. In today’s interdependent world of business partnerships and long-term relationships, a win­win outcome is fast becoming the only acceptable result.

2번 지문(문항 번호 23번)

The interaction of workers from different cultural backgrounds with the host population might increase productivity due to positive externalities like knowledge spillovers. This is only an advantage up to a certain degree. When the variety of backgrounds is too large, fractionalization may cause excessive transaction costs for communication, which may lower productivity. Diversity not only impacts the labour market, but may also affect the quality of life in a location. A tolerant native population may value a multicultural city or region because of an increase in the range of available goods and services. On the other hand, diversity could be perceived as an unattractive feature if natives perceive it as a distortion of what they consider to be their national identity. They might even discriminate against other ethnic groups and they might fear that social conflicts between different foreign nationalities are imported into their own neighborhood.

3번 지문(문항 번호 24번)

We think we are shaping our buildings. But really, our buildings and development are also shaping us. One of the best examples of this is the oldest­known construction: the ornately carved rings of standing stones at Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Before these ancestors got the idea to erect standing stones some 12,000 years ago, they were hunter-gatherers. It appears that the erection of the multiple rings of megalithic stones took so long, and so many successive generations, that these innovators were forced to settle down to complete the construction works. In the process, they became the first farming society on Earth. This is an early example of a society constructing something that ends up radically remaking the society itself. Things are not so different in our own time.

4번 지문(문항 번호 26번)

American jazz pianist Bill Evans was born in New Jersey in 1929. His early training was in classical music. At the age of six, he began receiving piano lessons, later adding flute and violin. He earned bachelor’s degrees in piano and music education from Southeastern Louisiana College in 1950. He went on to serve in the army from 1951 to 1954 and played flute in the Fifth Army Band. After serving in the military, he studied composition at the Manes School of Music in New York. Composer George Russell admired his playing and hired Evans to record and perform his compositions. Evans became famous for recordings made from the late­1950s through the 1960s. He won his first Grammy Award in 1964 for his album Conversations with Myself. Evans’ expressive piano works and his unique harmonic approach inspired a whole generation of musicians.

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영)

5과 변형 문제

ICT In Our Lives

The Makings의 2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 5과 최종 모의고사는

총 11개의 유형으로 구성되어 있습니다.

1. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/영어 선택지)

2. 글의 내용 일치/불일치(객관식/한글 선택지)

3. 전체 글의 내용과 일치 하지 않은 문장 찾기

4. 글 끼어 넣기(객관식)

5. 어법(서술형)

6. 어휘(서술형)

7. 주제문(객관식/영어 선택지)

8. 어휘 빈칸 채우기(서술형)

9. 영작(서술형)

10. 요약문 완성하기(서술형)

11. 글 다시 쓰기

.

더메이킹스(The Makings)가 제작한

2015년 개정 영어 II 천재(이재영) 5과 변형 문제의 지문입니다.

1번 지문

Drones, small unmanned aerial vehicles, do many jobs on a farm. One of these is to survey fields. Survey drones have GPS-controlled autopilots that let them take off, fly their routes, and land by themselves. They are also equipped with many cameras that take pictures of the fields from the air. As the drones fly, they take pictures from different angles and with different lenses. The images are then analyzed to check for weed growth, ground moisture, and soil conditions. Especially, when drones take pictures with infrared lenses, which sense heat, they can see if plants are healthy or not - because healthy and unhealthy plants give off different amounts of heat. This information helps farmers take care of their crops better, thus increasing the quality and quantity of production.

2번 지문

An army of agribots, small autonomous robots designed for agricultural purposes, replaces human workers for a wide range of tasks. In general, agribots tend crops, and each of them is highly specialized for weeding, fertilizing, harvesting, or other farm work. Agribots have many benefits. For example, weeding robots can reduce the amount of pollution caused by herbicide use. Fertilizing robots can greatly reduce fertilizer costs by precisely applying the correct amount of fertilizer in the correct location. Using 3D imaging cameras, harvesting robots can pick fruits and vegetables without damaging them. Most importantly, agribots can operate 24/7, 365 days a year, solving the shortage of farm labor while increasing the speed and accuracy of the work.

3번 지문

Although agribots are widely used in all the important functions of farming, tractors are still needed for many large-scale and heavy-load tasks. Nowadays, they are evolving into self-driving vehicles. Smart tractors are equipped with GPS controls. They also have optimized route planning software which recommends the shortest route across the field. This can minimize soil erosion by ensuring that all farm tractors follow the same tracks. In addition, the self-driving tractors are accurate down to the millimeter. This means that they can plant seeds in the correct place and harvest crops with no unnecessary movements. Besides, they can reduce crop damage and other losses caused by human drivers going off track and into the crops. These smart, self-driving vehicles can also operate during low visibility conditions such as rain, dust, fog, and darkness.

4번 지문

Sensors attached to cows check their temperature, movement, behavior, and so on. When changes are observed, the sensors send a message to the farmer's phone or computer. For example, these sensors are being used to detect if an animal's back legs begin to lower, which is one of the first signs of illness. They can also sense if a cow is pregnant. This technology saves farmers dozens of hours a week that would otherwise be spent closely monitoring each cow. It also saves money for vets' bills by allowing farmers to deal with cows' illnesses before they get too serious. It goes without saying that using sensors to monitor the health of individual cows lets them live longer, healthier lives, and also improves milk production.

5번 지문

Smart farms take all the information from drones and animal sensors and collect it in the cloud. The information can be analyzed and then presented to farmers in a practical way. Based on the analyzed data, the farmers make informed decisions about an animal, a field, or the entire farm. The farmers' decisions are programmed into agribots and smart tractors immediately. The more data there are about conditions on the farm, the more accurate the decisions will be, making the farm more efficient and profitable. In a world with fewer food resources, but with more people to feed, ICT-based agriculture can help humankind address the challenges of the future. The amount of food produced can be maximized, while the impact on the environment can be minimized through the efficient use of people, equipment, and information. The future of agriculture depends on the smart use of ICT.문